NUR 332: FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
The client diagnosed with rule-out myocardial infarction is experiencing chest pain while
walking to the bathroom. Which action should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.
B) Obtain a STAT electrocardiogram (ECG).
C) Have the client sit down immediately.
D) Assess the client's vital signs. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-stopping all activity will decrease the need of the myocardium for oxygen (may decrease
chest pain)
-An ECG should be ordered, but not before having the client sit down.
-taking vital signs will not help the client relieve chest pain.
Which diagnostic test is used to confirm the diagnosis of Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
A) Electromyogram (EMG).
B) Muscle biopsy.
C) Serum creatine kinase (CK).
D) Pulmonary function test. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = B
Rationale:
-a biopsy can confirm presence of muscle atrophy and loss of muscle fiber.
-an EMG does not confirm ALS; it is done to differentiate a neuropathy from a myopathy.
-CK may or may not be elevated in ALS, however it does not diagnose ALS.
The client had a right-sided chest tube inserted 2 hours ago for a pneumothorax. Which
action should the nurse implement if there is no fluctuation in the water-seal compartment?
A) Obtain an order for a STAT chest x-ray.
B) Increase the amount of wall suction.
Page 1 of 38
,NUR 332: FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
C) Check the tubing for kinks or clots.
D) Monitor the client's pulse oximeter reading. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-The air from the pleural space is not getting to the water seal compartment. Checking the
tubing is appropriate in finding out why this is, and usually it's because the client is lying on
the tubing, it is kinked, or there is a dependent loop. (Note: the key here is '2 hours ago')
-increasing the amount of wall suction will not address WHY there is no fluctuation in the
water-seal compartment. Need to find out what is causing this before taking action.
The nurse writes a problem of "impaired gas exchange" for a client diagnosed with cancer of
the lung. Which interventions should be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply.
A) Apply O2 via nasal cannula.
B) Have the dietitian plan for 6 small meals per day.
C) Place the client in respiratory isolation.
D) Assess vital signs for fever.
E) Listen to lung sounds every shift. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = A, B, D, E.
Rationale:
-O2 will help expand the lungs and get enough oxygenation to the tissues.
-lung cancer pts commonly become fatigued trying to eat, so 6 small meals spaced out
throughout the day can help.
-Cancer is non communicable so no need for isolation.
-Checking fevers are important. Clients with lung cancer are at increased risk for developing
infection from lowered resistance as a result of treatments or from the tumor blocking
secretions in the lung.
-Assessment of lungs should be routine.
The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the intensive care department and placed on a
therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for this client?
Page 2 of 38
,NUR 332: FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
A) A high-potassium and low-calcium diet.
B) A low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
C) A high-carbohydrate and restricted-protein diet.
D) A regular diet with 6 small feedings a day. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-Carbohydrates are increased in ARF in order to provide the high caloric needs. Protein is
restricted to minimize protein breakdown in the kidneys which will cause the kidneys to
work harder.
-Potassium should be restricted/decreased for clients with ARF, and calcium is not restricted.
-Low fat and low cholesterol is a diet recommended for cardiac disease/atherosclerosis; not
relevant to ARF.
-Small feedings are not required here.
The nurse is caring for the client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is
experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for
metabolic acidosis in this client?
A) There is an increased excretion of phosphates and organic acids, which leads to an
increase in arterial blood pH.
B) A shortened life span of red blood cells because of damage secondary to dialysis
treatments in turn leads to metabolic acidosis.
C) The kidney cannot excrete increased levels of acid because they cannot excrete ammonia
or cannot reabsorb sodium bicarbonate.
D) An increase in nausea and vomiting causes a loss of hydrochloric acid and the respiratory
system cannot compensate adequately. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-There is a decrease in the excretion of phosphates and organic acids; not an increase.
-RBC destruction doesn't affect the arterial blood pH.
Page 3 of 38
, NUR 332: FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
-Compensatory mechanisms occur in order to maintain the blood pH between 7.35 and
7.45. However it does not occur as a direct result of CKD.
The male client diagnosed with CKD has received the initial dose of erythropoietin, a biologic
response modifier, 1 week ago. Which complain by the client indicates the need to notify the
health care provider?
A) The client complains of flu-like symptoms.
B) The client complains of being tired all the time.
C) The client reports an elevation in his blood pressure.
D) The client reports discomfort in his legs and back. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-Erythropoietin therapy is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled HTN. After
erythropoietin is initially given, a client's antihypertensive meds may need to be adjusted. So
this complaint would require calling the HCP.
-Flu-like symptoms are expected initially with erythropoietin, and usually subside with
repeated doses.
-Erythropoietin takes 2-6 weeks to become effective when it's used for improving anemia (a
reason why a client with fatigue would be getting this medication).
True or False: The kidneys remove excess fluids and waste. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer =
True
True or False: The kidneys regulate BP and HR. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = False
True or False: AKI is usually irreversible and progresses to CKD. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Answer = False
The acronym to help you remember the progression of kidney injury is:
A) SNOW
B) RUSHING
C) RIFLE
Page 4 of 38
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
The client diagnosed with rule-out myocardial infarction is experiencing chest pain while
walking to the bathroom. Which action should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.
B) Obtain a STAT electrocardiogram (ECG).
C) Have the client sit down immediately.
D) Assess the client's vital signs. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-stopping all activity will decrease the need of the myocardium for oxygen (may decrease
chest pain)
-An ECG should be ordered, but not before having the client sit down.
-taking vital signs will not help the client relieve chest pain.
Which diagnostic test is used to confirm the diagnosis of Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
A) Electromyogram (EMG).
B) Muscle biopsy.
C) Serum creatine kinase (CK).
D) Pulmonary function test. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = B
Rationale:
-a biopsy can confirm presence of muscle atrophy and loss of muscle fiber.
-an EMG does not confirm ALS; it is done to differentiate a neuropathy from a myopathy.
-CK may or may not be elevated in ALS, however it does not diagnose ALS.
The client had a right-sided chest tube inserted 2 hours ago for a pneumothorax. Which
action should the nurse implement if there is no fluctuation in the water-seal compartment?
A) Obtain an order for a STAT chest x-ray.
B) Increase the amount of wall suction.
Page 1 of 38
,NUR 332: FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
C) Check the tubing for kinks or clots.
D) Monitor the client's pulse oximeter reading. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-The air from the pleural space is not getting to the water seal compartment. Checking the
tubing is appropriate in finding out why this is, and usually it's because the client is lying on
the tubing, it is kinked, or there is a dependent loop. (Note: the key here is '2 hours ago')
-increasing the amount of wall suction will not address WHY there is no fluctuation in the
water-seal compartment. Need to find out what is causing this before taking action.
The nurse writes a problem of "impaired gas exchange" for a client diagnosed with cancer of
the lung. Which interventions should be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply.
A) Apply O2 via nasal cannula.
B) Have the dietitian plan for 6 small meals per day.
C) Place the client in respiratory isolation.
D) Assess vital signs for fever.
E) Listen to lung sounds every shift. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = A, B, D, E.
Rationale:
-O2 will help expand the lungs and get enough oxygenation to the tissues.
-lung cancer pts commonly become fatigued trying to eat, so 6 small meals spaced out
throughout the day can help.
-Cancer is non communicable so no need for isolation.
-Checking fevers are important. Clients with lung cancer are at increased risk for developing
infection from lowered resistance as a result of treatments or from the tumor blocking
secretions in the lung.
-Assessment of lungs should be routine.
The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the intensive care department and placed on a
therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for this client?
Page 2 of 38
,NUR 332: FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
A) A high-potassium and low-calcium diet.
B) A low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
C) A high-carbohydrate and restricted-protein diet.
D) A regular diet with 6 small feedings a day. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-Carbohydrates are increased in ARF in order to provide the high caloric needs. Protein is
restricted to minimize protein breakdown in the kidneys which will cause the kidneys to
work harder.
-Potassium should be restricted/decreased for clients with ARF, and calcium is not restricted.
-Low fat and low cholesterol is a diet recommended for cardiac disease/atherosclerosis; not
relevant to ARF.
-Small feedings are not required here.
The nurse is caring for the client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is
experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for
metabolic acidosis in this client?
A) There is an increased excretion of phosphates and organic acids, which leads to an
increase in arterial blood pH.
B) A shortened life span of red blood cells because of damage secondary to dialysis
treatments in turn leads to metabolic acidosis.
C) The kidney cannot excrete increased levels of acid because they cannot excrete ammonia
or cannot reabsorb sodium bicarbonate.
D) An increase in nausea and vomiting causes a loss of hydrochloric acid and the respiratory
system cannot compensate adequately. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-There is a decrease in the excretion of phosphates and organic acids; not an increase.
-RBC destruction doesn't affect the arterial blood pH.
Page 3 of 38
, NUR 332: FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS UPDATE 2025/2026 BEST EXAM RATED A+ FOR
EXCELLENT PASS
-Compensatory mechanisms occur in order to maintain the blood pH between 7.35 and
7.45. However it does not occur as a direct result of CKD.
The male client diagnosed with CKD has received the initial dose of erythropoietin, a biologic
response modifier, 1 week ago. Which complain by the client indicates the need to notify the
health care provider?
A) The client complains of flu-like symptoms.
B) The client complains of being tired all the time.
C) The client reports an elevation in his blood pressure.
D) The client reports discomfort in his legs and back. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = C
Rationale:
-Erythropoietin therapy is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled HTN. After
erythropoietin is initially given, a client's antihypertensive meds may need to be adjusted. So
this complaint would require calling the HCP.
-Flu-like symptoms are expected initially with erythropoietin, and usually subside with
repeated doses.
-Erythropoietin takes 2-6 weeks to become effective when it's used for improving anemia (a
reason why a client with fatigue would be getting this medication).
True or False: The kidneys remove excess fluids and waste. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer =
True
True or False: The kidneys regulate BP and HR. - CORRECT ANSWERS Answer = False
True or False: AKI is usually irreversible and progresses to CKD. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Answer = False
The acronym to help you remember the progression of kidney injury is:
A) SNOW
B) RUSHING
C) RIFLE
Page 4 of 38
