First Year Nursing Midterm (1st Semester)
questions and answers 2025
What are nursing interventions based on? - Answer Knowledge and/or research (evidence based)
Florence Nightingale's work - Answer 1) Early theoretical and conceptual model for nursing
2) Focused on patients and the environment
3) Credited as the founder of nursing, first nurse theorist, educator, political activist, architect and
leader in the design of the construction of hospitals and schools of nursing.
Who created the Nursing Process? - Answer Nursing theorist Orlando in 1961
Nursing Process - Answer 1) Assessment
2) Identification of the Client Health Concern (Diagnosis)
3) Plan/Goal
4) Intervention
5) Evaluation
Conceptual Framework - Answer 1) Links major nursing concepts and phenomena
2) "Mental Maps" to direct nursing decisions
3) Helps define nursing and guide nursing decision-making
*Often referred to as nursing models/nursing theories
Metaparadigm - Answer 1) The essential pattern of a discipline/what a discipline is concerned with.
2) Identifies the global concepts of a discipline
Global Concepts of a Discipline - Answer 1) What is unique to a discipline
2) All things of interest to a discipline
3) If the perspective is neutral
4) If it is international in scope
,List the 4 Metaparadigm Concepts of Nursing - Answer 1) Client & Person (Human Beings)
2) Environment
3) Health
4) Nursing
Human Beings/Persons (metaparadigm) - Answer Individuals, families, communities, etc. who are
participants in nursing
Environment (metaparadigm) - Answer Significant others, physical surroundings, and settings in which
nursing occurs
Health (metaparadigm) - Answer Processes of living and dying
Nursing (metaparadigm) - Answer Actions taken by the nurse on behalf of or in conjunction with human
beings (persons), and the goals or outcomes of nursing actions
Theory - Answer Explains phenomena through concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions.
*Most theories have multiple assumptions
*Have to be careful that the assumptions are true when developing a theory
Concepts - Answer Words/phrases
Phenomena - Answer A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause
or explanation is in question
Proposition - Answer Hypothesis
, Why are theories in nursing important? - Answer They provide a systematic view of explaining,
predicting, and describing phenomena.
Nursing Theory - Answer 1) Describes the interrelationship between the 4 metaparadigm concepts,
through the lens of the specific theory.
2) Communicates Nursing's perspective about the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, and/or
prescribing nursing care.
Grand Theory - Answer 1) Provide a framework for nursing, not instructional for nursing
2) What's important as a nurse
*"Umbrella" type of theory
Middle-range Theory - Answer 1) Address specific phenomena and reflect practice
2) Spiritual well-being in illness
Descriptive Theory - Answer 1) First level of theory development
2) Will help with everyday nursing tasks
3) Precise interventions with patients
Prescriptive Theory - Answer 1) Address nursing interventions and predict their consequences
2) Will help with everyday nursing tasks
Major Theoretical Models (Categories of Theories) - Answer 1) Practice-based theories
2) Needs theories
3) Interactionist theories
4) Systems theories
5) Simultaneity theories
What is considered the "core of nursing"? - Answer The relationship between the nurse and the client
questions and answers 2025
What are nursing interventions based on? - Answer Knowledge and/or research (evidence based)
Florence Nightingale's work - Answer 1) Early theoretical and conceptual model for nursing
2) Focused on patients and the environment
3) Credited as the founder of nursing, first nurse theorist, educator, political activist, architect and
leader in the design of the construction of hospitals and schools of nursing.
Who created the Nursing Process? - Answer Nursing theorist Orlando in 1961
Nursing Process - Answer 1) Assessment
2) Identification of the Client Health Concern (Diagnosis)
3) Plan/Goal
4) Intervention
5) Evaluation
Conceptual Framework - Answer 1) Links major nursing concepts and phenomena
2) "Mental Maps" to direct nursing decisions
3) Helps define nursing and guide nursing decision-making
*Often referred to as nursing models/nursing theories
Metaparadigm - Answer 1) The essential pattern of a discipline/what a discipline is concerned with.
2) Identifies the global concepts of a discipline
Global Concepts of a Discipline - Answer 1) What is unique to a discipline
2) All things of interest to a discipline
3) If the perspective is neutral
4) If it is international in scope
,List the 4 Metaparadigm Concepts of Nursing - Answer 1) Client & Person (Human Beings)
2) Environment
3) Health
4) Nursing
Human Beings/Persons (metaparadigm) - Answer Individuals, families, communities, etc. who are
participants in nursing
Environment (metaparadigm) - Answer Significant others, physical surroundings, and settings in which
nursing occurs
Health (metaparadigm) - Answer Processes of living and dying
Nursing (metaparadigm) - Answer Actions taken by the nurse on behalf of or in conjunction with human
beings (persons), and the goals or outcomes of nursing actions
Theory - Answer Explains phenomena through concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions.
*Most theories have multiple assumptions
*Have to be careful that the assumptions are true when developing a theory
Concepts - Answer Words/phrases
Phenomena - Answer A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause
or explanation is in question
Proposition - Answer Hypothesis
, Why are theories in nursing important? - Answer They provide a systematic view of explaining,
predicting, and describing phenomena.
Nursing Theory - Answer 1) Describes the interrelationship between the 4 metaparadigm concepts,
through the lens of the specific theory.
2) Communicates Nursing's perspective about the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, and/or
prescribing nursing care.
Grand Theory - Answer 1) Provide a framework for nursing, not instructional for nursing
2) What's important as a nurse
*"Umbrella" type of theory
Middle-range Theory - Answer 1) Address specific phenomena and reflect practice
2) Spiritual well-being in illness
Descriptive Theory - Answer 1) First level of theory development
2) Will help with everyday nursing tasks
3) Precise interventions with patients
Prescriptive Theory - Answer 1) Address nursing interventions and predict their consequences
2) Will help with everyday nursing tasks
Major Theoretical Models (Categories of Theories) - Answer 1) Practice-based theories
2) Needs theories
3) Interactionist theories
4) Systems theories
5) Simultaneity theories
What is considered the "core of nursing"? - Answer The relationship between the nurse and the client
