1
History
Grade 12
Term 2 Paper 2
2025
Resources: @IMPAQ JUN 2024, WCED JUN 2022,
WCED Revision package 2023. DBE JIT 2024.
IMAGES: CANVA.COM
Some information is repeated, I show you the different ways the same information is asked.
I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions.
NOTE: You MUST study Term 1’s notes with Term 2 ‘s notes. If you haven’t purchased term
1’s notes, please contact .
IMPORTANT
The answers to the paragraph and essay questions in these notes are presented in bullet
form to help you study and understand the key facts more easily.
However, when you answer in a test or exam, you must develop these points into full
sentences and paragraphs. Use the bullet points as a guide to write your own fluent, well-
structured answers.
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Content:
Section A: Source-Based Questions 2
1. Crisis of Apartheid: Internal Resistance 2
2. TRC (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) 24
Section B: Essay Questions 39
3. Black Consciousness 39
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
4. Negotiated Settlement and GNU 44
5. End of the Cold War and the events of 1989 47
Section A: Source-Based Questions
1. Crisis of Apartheid: Internal Resistance
WHAT ROLE DID THE UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT (UDF) PLAY IN UNITING
OPPOSITION GROUPS AGAINST THE REFORMS OF THE BOTHA GOVERNMENT IN THE
1980S? @IMPAQ JUN 2024
SOURCE 1A: The excerpt below is from an article by J. Brooks Spencer in the Daily
Maverick, August 22, 2013, entitled: "The UDF at 30: An organization that shook
apartheid's foundation". It gives information about the formation of the United
Democratic Front.
In January 1983, at a meeting of the Transvaal anti-SAIC (the SA Indian Council
Committee), Reverend Allan Boesak called on South Africans to form a "united front" of
churches, civil societies, trade unions, student organisations and sports bodies to
oppose apartheid. An ongoing debate after his speech led to a "big idea" – the creation of
a coalition of non-racial organisations across the country.
As an academic and historian at the University of Cape Town, Jeremy Seekings wrote the
following about the emergence of the UDF: "The UDF was born out of concern to oppose
the constitutional reforms proposed by the state, with the aim of nominating coloured
and Indian South Africans into a coalition in order to support a reformed version of
apartheid. The UDF was formed in opposition to the continued exclusion of black people,
as well as the ongoing opposition to the unequal way in which the apartheid state
includes only coloured and Indian people in a pro-apartheid coalition."
Towards the end of July, a working group decided to introduce this new National Front. It
was launched on August 20, a date deliberately chosen to counter the government's
introduction of legislation through the so-called tricameral parliament. The organisers
agreed on a logo for the UDF and their first public slogan – "UDF Unites, Apartheid
Divides". Their next decision was that any group that works with government structures,
as well as with homeland state structures (the "Bantustans"), or groups that break the
increasingly visible sports and cultural boycotts, will not be allowed to join the new UDF.
(Bron: https://tinyurl.com/msu7p5cb | Besoek op 22 Januarie 2024)
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Organizations that Allan Boesak brought together to form part of the UDF
• Churches
• Civil Organizations
• Trade Unions
• Student organisations
• Sport bodies
Who, according to the source, was not allowed to join
the UDF?
• Any group that cooperates with government
structures.
• Groups that collaborate with the homeland state
structures ("the Bantustans").
• Groups breaking the increasingly visible sports
and culture boycotts
The so-called "big idea" was what Allan Boesak was referring to.
• The idea of the UDF was to create an inclusive movement consisting of people of all
races in South Africa.
• The "big idea" referred to the creation of a broad and diverse coalition of
organisations across South Africa to oppose apartheid
Comment on why the state proposed reforms by nominating coloured and Indian
South Africans in a coalition.
• They aimed to weaken the united front against apartheid by creating a divide between
black South Africans and other groups.
• They wanted to appear to be "progressive" by including some groups to garner
international support and possibly appease domestic critics.
• They thought that a pro-apartheid coalition of coloured and Indian could serve as a
buffer between the white minority government and the black majority, potentially
softening pressure for more substantial reforms.
_________________________________________________________________
SOURCE 1B: The source below is an excerpt from the article "The united democratic
front and township revolt", published by Mark Swilling, in Work in Progress, 9
September 1987. It explains the role of the UDF against Botha's reforms.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
The first phase of UDF activities began when it was established to organize nationwide
opposition to the new constitution and Koornhof bills. The subsequent successful boycotts
against the tricameral parliament and black local authorities dealt a severe blow to the state's
reform initiatives. The success of the boycott tactic established the UDF as a viable extra-
parliamentary alternative.
The UDF slogan, which expresses this goal, is known as "Apartheid Divides, UDF Unites". At
this point, the aim of the UDF was not to put forward alternatives to apartheid or to establish
organisational structures designed to sustain a long-term struggle. Instead, the front aimed to
counter the tactics of division through state reform by calling for maximum unity of the
oppressed and urging them to reject apartheid by refusing to vote.
However, the township uprising was not caused by strategies formulated and implemented by
the UDF's national leadership. Outside of important national campaigns (for example, the
black local authorities' election boycotts of 1983-84 and the anti-tricameral parliamentary
campaigns), the power of resistance came from below, as communities responded to their
dire living conditions.
As the local struggle spread, the UDF played an important role in representing national demands
for the dismantling of apartheid. Black communities were drawn into a national movement that
believed that the transfer of political power to representatives of the majority was a condition for
the realization of basic economic demands. These include decent shelter, cheap transportation,
proper health care, adequate education, the right to occupy land, and the right to a good viable
wage.
(Source: https://tinyurl.com/5y756x9f | Retrieved 22 January 2024)
The basic economic demands that the UDF has put in place on behalf of the black
communities.
• Decent shelter
• Cheap transport
• Proper health care
• Adequate education
• The right to occupy land
• He is entitled to a liveable wage
Tricameral Parliament
• Tricameral parliament was a reform measure of the apartheid government in which
Colourds and Indians had limited say.
• The Tricameral Parliament was a legislative body established in 1983 in South Africa
under the apartheid regime that gave limited power to people of colour and Indian-
South Africans, while excluding the black majority population
@Juffrou_Ansie
History
Grade 12
Term 2 Paper 2
2025
Resources: @IMPAQ JUN 2024, WCED JUN 2022,
WCED Revision package 2023. DBE JIT 2024.
IMAGES: CANVA.COM
Some information is repeated, I show you the different ways the same information is asked.
I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions.
NOTE: You MUST study Term 1’s notes with Term 2 ‘s notes. If you haven’t purchased term
1’s notes, please contact .
IMPORTANT
The answers to the paragraph and essay questions in these notes are presented in bullet
form to help you study and understand the key facts more easily.
However, when you answer in a test or exam, you must develop these points into full
sentences and paragraphs. Use the bullet points as a guide to write your own fluent, well-
structured answers.
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Content:
Section A: Source-Based Questions 2
1. Crisis of Apartheid: Internal Resistance 2
2. TRC (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) 24
Section B: Essay Questions 39
3. Black Consciousness 39
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
4. Negotiated Settlement and GNU 44
5. End of the Cold War and the events of 1989 47
Section A: Source-Based Questions
1. Crisis of Apartheid: Internal Resistance
WHAT ROLE DID THE UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT (UDF) PLAY IN UNITING
OPPOSITION GROUPS AGAINST THE REFORMS OF THE BOTHA GOVERNMENT IN THE
1980S? @IMPAQ JUN 2024
SOURCE 1A: The excerpt below is from an article by J. Brooks Spencer in the Daily
Maverick, August 22, 2013, entitled: "The UDF at 30: An organization that shook
apartheid's foundation". It gives information about the formation of the United
Democratic Front.
In January 1983, at a meeting of the Transvaal anti-SAIC (the SA Indian Council
Committee), Reverend Allan Boesak called on South Africans to form a "united front" of
churches, civil societies, trade unions, student organisations and sports bodies to
oppose apartheid. An ongoing debate after his speech led to a "big idea" – the creation of
a coalition of non-racial organisations across the country.
As an academic and historian at the University of Cape Town, Jeremy Seekings wrote the
following about the emergence of the UDF: "The UDF was born out of concern to oppose
the constitutional reforms proposed by the state, with the aim of nominating coloured
and Indian South Africans into a coalition in order to support a reformed version of
apartheid. The UDF was formed in opposition to the continued exclusion of black people,
as well as the ongoing opposition to the unequal way in which the apartheid state
includes only coloured and Indian people in a pro-apartheid coalition."
Towards the end of July, a working group decided to introduce this new National Front. It
was launched on August 20, a date deliberately chosen to counter the government's
introduction of legislation through the so-called tricameral parliament. The organisers
agreed on a logo for the UDF and their first public slogan – "UDF Unites, Apartheid
Divides". Their next decision was that any group that works with government structures,
as well as with homeland state structures (the "Bantustans"), or groups that break the
increasingly visible sports and cultural boycotts, will not be allowed to join the new UDF.
(Bron: https://tinyurl.com/msu7p5cb | Besoek op 22 Januarie 2024)
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Organizations that Allan Boesak brought together to form part of the UDF
• Churches
• Civil Organizations
• Trade Unions
• Student organisations
• Sport bodies
Who, according to the source, was not allowed to join
the UDF?
• Any group that cooperates with government
structures.
• Groups that collaborate with the homeland state
structures ("the Bantustans").
• Groups breaking the increasingly visible sports
and culture boycotts
The so-called "big idea" was what Allan Boesak was referring to.
• The idea of the UDF was to create an inclusive movement consisting of people of all
races in South Africa.
• The "big idea" referred to the creation of a broad and diverse coalition of
organisations across South Africa to oppose apartheid
Comment on why the state proposed reforms by nominating coloured and Indian
South Africans in a coalition.
• They aimed to weaken the united front against apartheid by creating a divide between
black South Africans and other groups.
• They wanted to appear to be "progressive" by including some groups to garner
international support and possibly appease domestic critics.
• They thought that a pro-apartheid coalition of coloured and Indian could serve as a
buffer between the white minority government and the black majority, potentially
softening pressure for more substantial reforms.
_________________________________________________________________
SOURCE 1B: The source below is an excerpt from the article "The united democratic
front and township revolt", published by Mark Swilling, in Work in Progress, 9
September 1987. It explains the role of the UDF against Botha's reforms.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
The first phase of UDF activities began when it was established to organize nationwide
opposition to the new constitution and Koornhof bills. The subsequent successful boycotts
against the tricameral parliament and black local authorities dealt a severe blow to the state's
reform initiatives. The success of the boycott tactic established the UDF as a viable extra-
parliamentary alternative.
The UDF slogan, which expresses this goal, is known as "Apartheid Divides, UDF Unites". At
this point, the aim of the UDF was not to put forward alternatives to apartheid or to establish
organisational structures designed to sustain a long-term struggle. Instead, the front aimed to
counter the tactics of division through state reform by calling for maximum unity of the
oppressed and urging them to reject apartheid by refusing to vote.
However, the township uprising was not caused by strategies formulated and implemented by
the UDF's national leadership. Outside of important national campaigns (for example, the
black local authorities' election boycotts of 1983-84 and the anti-tricameral parliamentary
campaigns), the power of resistance came from below, as communities responded to their
dire living conditions.
As the local struggle spread, the UDF played an important role in representing national demands
for the dismantling of apartheid. Black communities were drawn into a national movement that
believed that the transfer of political power to representatives of the majority was a condition for
the realization of basic economic demands. These include decent shelter, cheap transportation,
proper health care, adequate education, the right to occupy land, and the right to a good viable
wage.
(Source: https://tinyurl.com/5y756x9f | Retrieved 22 January 2024)
The basic economic demands that the UDF has put in place on behalf of the black
communities.
• Decent shelter
• Cheap transport
• Proper health care
• Adequate education
• The right to occupy land
• He is entitled to a liveable wage
Tricameral Parliament
• Tricameral parliament was a reform measure of the apartheid government in which
Colourds and Indians had limited say.
• The Tricameral Parliament was a legislative body established in 1983 in South Africa
under the apartheid regime that gave limited power to people of colour and Indian-
South Africans, while excluding the black majority population
@Juffrou_Ansie
