Microbiology Chapter 16 Test Bank
Innate immunity
A) is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.
B) is nonspecific and present at birth.
C) involves a memory component.
D) involves T cells and B cells.
E) provides increased susceptibility to disease - ANS is nonspecific and present at birth;All of
the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT
A) multiple layers of cells.
B) tears.
C) saliva.
D) HCl.
E) the "ciliary escalator." - ANS HCl;The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to
A) propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the mouth, away from the lower respiratory
tract.
B) remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract.
C) remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract.
D) trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract.
E) trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory
tract. - ANS trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower
respiratory tract;Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
A) eosinophils
B) erythrocytes
C) macrophages
D) basophils
E) neutrophils - ANS macrophages;TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT
A) AMPs.
B) flagellin.
C) LPS.
D) PAMPs.
E) peptidoglycan - ANS AMPs;A differential cell count is used to determine each of the
following EXCEPT
A) the total number of white blood cells.
B) the numbers of each type of white blood cell.
C) the number of red blood cells.
D) leukocytosis.
E) leukopenia - ANS the number of red blood cells;The complement protein cascade is the
same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the
cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.
A) C1
, B) C2
C) C3
D) C5
E) C6 - ANS C3;All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT
A) kinins.
B) prostaglandins.
C) lysozymes.
D) histamine.
E) leukotrienes - ANS lysozyme;A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went
through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will
participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?
A) mucociliary escalator
B) normal skin flora
C) phagocytosis in the inflammatory response
D) acidic skin secretions
E) lysozyme - ANS phagocytosis in the inflammatory response;Margination refers to
A) the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms.
B) the chemotactic response of phagocytes.
C) adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.
D) dilation of blood vessels.
E) the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels - ANS adherence of phagocytes
to the lining of blood vessels;Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body.
B) Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis.
C) Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages.
D) Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses.
E) Beta interferon attacks invading viruses - ANS gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity
by macrophages;Which of the following is found normally in serum?
A) complement
B) interferon
C) histamine
D) leukocytosis-promoting factor
E) TLRs - ANS complement;Each of the following is an effect of complement activation
EXCEPT
A) interference with viral replication.
B) bacterial cell lysis.
C) opsonization.
D) increased phagocytic activity.
E) increased blood vessel permeability - ANS interference with viral replication;Which of the
following is an effect of opsonization?
A) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
B) increased margination of phagocytes
C) increased diapedesis of phagocytes
D) inflammation
Innate immunity
A) is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.
B) is nonspecific and present at birth.
C) involves a memory component.
D) involves T cells and B cells.
E) provides increased susceptibility to disease - ANS is nonspecific and present at birth;All of
the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT
A) multiple layers of cells.
B) tears.
C) saliva.
D) HCl.
E) the "ciliary escalator." - ANS HCl;The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to
A) propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the mouth, away from the lower respiratory
tract.
B) remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract.
C) remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract.
D) trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract.
E) trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory
tract. - ANS trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower
respiratory tract;Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
A) eosinophils
B) erythrocytes
C) macrophages
D) basophils
E) neutrophils - ANS macrophages;TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT
A) AMPs.
B) flagellin.
C) LPS.
D) PAMPs.
E) peptidoglycan - ANS AMPs;A differential cell count is used to determine each of the
following EXCEPT
A) the total number of white blood cells.
B) the numbers of each type of white blood cell.
C) the number of red blood cells.
D) leukocytosis.
E) leukopenia - ANS the number of red blood cells;The complement protein cascade is the
same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the
cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.
A) C1
, B) C2
C) C3
D) C5
E) C6 - ANS C3;All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT
A) kinins.
B) prostaglandins.
C) lysozymes.
D) histamine.
E) leukotrienes - ANS lysozyme;A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went
through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will
participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?
A) mucociliary escalator
B) normal skin flora
C) phagocytosis in the inflammatory response
D) acidic skin secretions
E) lysozyme - ANS phagocytosis in the inflammatory response;Margination refers to
A) the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms.
B) the chemotactic response of phagocytes.
C) adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.
D) dilation of blood vessels.
E) the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels - ANS adherence of phagocytes
to the lining of blood vessels;Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body.
B) Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis.
C) Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages.
D) Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses.
E) Beta interferon attacks invading viruses - ANS gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity
by macrophages;Which of the following is found normally in serum?
A) complement
B) interferon
C) histamine
D) leukocytosis-promoting factor
E) TLRs - ANS complement;Each of the following is an effect of complement activation
EXCEPT
A) interference with viral replication.
B) bacterial cell lysis.
C) opsonization.
D) increased phagocytic activity.
E) increased blood vessel permeability - ANS interference with viral replication;Which of the
following is an effect of opsonization?
A) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
B) increased margination of phagocytes
C) increased diapedesis of phagocytes
D) inflammation
