NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+
Asthma correct answers >> Chronic disease due to
bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma correct answers >>
coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) correct answers >> -
airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
GRADED A+
,-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles correct answers >> smaller
passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles correct answers >>
innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria correct answers >> the middle layer
of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria correct answers >>
embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria correct answers >>
white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards
to asthma correct answers >> the WBCs protective
GRADED A+
,feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
correct answers >> columnar epithelial ells and mucus
producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
correct answers >> smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
correct answers >> control the airways ability to
constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation correct answers >> When air
is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to
bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug
thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? correct answers >>
the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces
mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar correct answers
>> -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of
CO2)
GRADED A+
, - respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
correct answers >> tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? correct
answers >> These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma correct
answers >> the parasympathetic system is stimulated
by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds
to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to
cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents
acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis correct answers >> inflammation of the
bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis correct answers >>
bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
GRADED A+
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+
Asthma correct answers >> Chronic disease due to
bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma correct answers >>
coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) correct answers >> -
airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
GRADED A+
,-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles correct answers >> smaller
passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles correct answers >>
innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria correct answers >> the middle layer
of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria correct answers >>
embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria correct answers >>
white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards
to asthma correct answers >> the WBCs protective
GRADED A+
,feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
correct answers >> columnar epithelial ells and mucus
producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
correct answers >> smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
correct answers >> control the airways ability to
constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation correct answers >> When air
is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to
bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug
thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? correct answers >>
the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces
mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar correct answers
>> -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of
CO2)
GRADED A+
, - respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
correct answers >> tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? correct
answers >> These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma correct
answers >> the parasympathetic system is stimulated
by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds
to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to
cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents
acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis correct answers >> inflammation of the
bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis correct answers >>
bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
GRADED A+
