PSYC 1000 - Tulane - Chapters 1 – Rollins
Exam Questions and Answers
Psychology - -The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
- Hindsight bias - -The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that
one would have foreseen it.
- Armchair Psychology - -Unscientific Psychology based on speculation and
casual observations. Problems: the "obvious" answer is not always correct,
uses small sample size, no control group, unproven, biased - tendency to
notice and remember information that enforces our beliefs
- Wilhelm Wundt - -Founded psychology in 1879 in Germany
- Shifts in focus of study - -Focus on cognitive processes until 1920 ->
behaviorism backlash: argument that cognitive processes could not be
objectively measured, and therefore could not be studied scientifically ->
shifted focus to observable behavior until 1960 -> cognitive psychology
returns, making psychology the study of behavior and cognitive processes ->
present
- Clinical psychology - -- Diagnosis and treatment
- Therapy
- About half of all psychologists
- Biological psychology - -The study of how biological factors influence
behavior or mental processes
- Cognitive psychology - -Study of mental processes
- Developmental psychology - -Study of how people change over a lifetime
- Personality psychology - -Study of individual differences
- Social psychology - -Study of interpersonal influences
- Industrial/organizational psychology - -Applies psychological principles to
work setting
- Psychiatrists - -Possess medical degrees. Prescribe medication.
- Biopsychosocial approach - -Behavioral and mental phenomena are
simultaneously influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
Exam Questions and Answers
Psychology - -The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
- Hindsight bias - -The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that
one would have foreseen it.
- Armchair Psychology - -Unscientific Psychology based on speculation and
casual observations. Problems: the "obvious" answer is not always correct,
uses small sample size, no control group, unproven, biased - tendency to
notice and remember information that enforces our beliefs
- Wilhelm Wundt - -Founded psychology in 1879 in Germany
- Shifts in focus of study - -Focus on cognitive processes until 1920 ->
behaviorism backlash: argument that cognitive processes could not be
objectively measured, and therefore could not be studied scientifically ->
shifted focus to observable behavior until 1960 -> cognitive psychology
returns, making psychology the study of behavior and cognitive processes ->
present
- Clinical psychology - -- Diagnosis and treatment
- Therapy
- About half of all psychologists
- Biological psychology - -The study of how biological factors influence
behavior or mental processes
- Cognitive psychology - -Study of mental processes
- Developmental psychology - -Study of how people change over a lifetime
- Personality psychology - -Study of individual differences
- Social psychology - -Study of interpersonal influences
- Industrial/organizational psychology - -Applies psychological principles to
work setting
- Psychiatrists - -Possess medical degrees. Prescribe medication.
- Biopsychosocial approach - -Behavioral and mental phenomena are
simultaneously influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
