Biology STAAR Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
biomolecule - CORRECT ANSWER - The molecules of life that include: carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
What are the monomers of each of the biomolecules? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Carbohydrates - monosaccharides; lipids - glycerol and a fatty acid; proteins - amino acids;
nucleic acids - nucleotides
carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - Made of the elements C, H, and O. Primary source
of energy - monomers are monosaccharides
monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - A simple sugar that is the basic subunit
(monomer) of a carbohydrate. Common examples: glucose, fructose
polysaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - Complex carbohydrates; made of many
monosaccharides
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - An organic compound that is made of one or more
chains of amino acids; contain element C, H, O, N
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Building blocks (monomer) of protein
nucleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Biological macromolecule that stores genetic
information; contains elements C, H, O, N, P, nucleotide monomer
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction;
usually ends in -ase
,substrate - CORRECT ANSWER - the molecule upon which an enzyme acts
nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - A building block of a nucleic acid formed from a
simple sugar (deoxyribose - DNA, ribose - RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - Long term energy storage , such as fats, oils, and waxes,
that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Basic unit of life
prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains DNA; is the control center of the cell
cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates
what enters and leaves the cell
lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - breaks down food particles and waste in the cell
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - A jellylike fluid inside the cell
golgi body - CORRECT ANSWER - Packages, labels, distributes, delivers proteins around
the cell
ribsome - CORRECT ANSWER - Where proteins are made in the cell; may be free
floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
, cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER - A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and
provides support to the cell; found in plant cells and some bacterial cells but NOT animal cells
flagella - CORRECT ANSWER - A whip-like structure used for cellular movement
cilia - CORRECT ANSWER - Hairlike projections; used for locomotion.(movement)
chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER - An organelle found in plant and algae cells where
photosynthesis occurs
rough endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - Rough ER Contains ribosomes;
folds proteins and transports them around the cell
mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - Provider of energy for a cell; breaks down glucose
for energy (ATP) in CELL RESPIRATION
central vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - Helps maintain shape and structure in plants by
storing water
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Maintaining a constant internal environment despite
what's happening on the outside
diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Movement of MOLECULES from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Movement of WATER from higher concentration to
lower concentration
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
biomolecule - CORRECT ANSWER - The molecules of life that include: carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
What are the monomers of each of the biomolecules? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Carbohydrates - monosaccharides; lipids - glycerol and a fatty acid; proteins - amino acids;
nucleic acids - nucleotides
carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - Made of the elements C, H, and O. Primary source
of energy - monomers are monosaccharides
monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - A simple sugar that is the basic subunit
(monomer) of a carbohydrate. Common examples: glucose, fructose
polysaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - Complex carbohydrates; made of many
monosaccharides
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - An organic compound that is made of one or more
chains of amino acids; contain element C, H, O, N
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Building blocks (monomer) of protein
nucleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Biological macromolecule that stores genetic
information; contains elements C, H, O, N, P, nucleotide monomer
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction;
usually ends in -ase
,substrate - CORRECT ANSWER - the molecule upon which an enzyme acts
nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - A building block of a nucleic acid formed from a
simple sugar (deoxyribose - DNA, ribose - RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - Long term energy storage , such as fats, oils, and waxes,
that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Basic unit of life
prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains DNA; is the control center of the cell
cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates
what enters and leaves the cell
lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - breaks down food particles and waste in the cell
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - A jellylike fluid inside the cell
golgi body - CORRECT ANSWER - Packages, labels, distributes, delivers proteins around
the cell
ribsome - CORRECT ANSWER - Where proteins are made in the cell; may be free
floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
, cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER - A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and
provides support to the cell; found in plant cells and some bacterial cells but NOT animal cells
flagella - CORRECT ANSWER - A whip-like structure used for cellular movement
cilia - CORRECT ANSWER - Hairlike projections; used for locomotion.(movement)
chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER - An organelle found in plant and algae cells where
photosynthesis occurs
rough endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - Rough ER Contains ribosomes;
folds proteins and transports them around the cell
mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - Provider of energy for a cell; breaks down glucose
for energy (ATP) in CELL RESPIRATION
central vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - Helps maintain shape and structure in plants by
storing water
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Maintaining a constant internal environment despite
what's happening on the outside
diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Movement of MOLECULES from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Movement of WATER from higher concentration to
lower concentration
