Nurs 3366:Patho|Questions With Correct
Answers|Verified
S&S & patho of LHF - ✔️Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema: Crackles in the lungs, ↓SO2,
Orthopnea, PND (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea) Hemoptysis, SOB.
↓LV Contractility or MI of LV → weakens LV → ↑Afterload → ↑Preload → Preload
pushes back from LV to LA to PV to PC to fill Alveolar →Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
S&S & patho of RHF - ✔️PVR: Liver Congestion, Ascites, Peripheral Edema, Low UO,
Longer Capillary Refill, Fatigue, JVD, Confusion
RV ↓ in Contractility or MI weakens RV ↑AFTERLOAD ↑ PRELOAD → RV to RA to SVC
JUGULAR VEINS → JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION or to IVC to PERIPHERY to LIVER
CONGESTION & ASCITES & EDEMA OF LEGS & FEET
S&S of COR PULMONALE - ✔️Fatigue/ Weakness, SOB, Confusion, Hypotension,
Low UO, Long Cap Refill. Peripheral Edema
Chronic Bronchitis or Chronic Lung Disease that causes RHF Mucus & congestion fills
the lungs lungs become very stiff → ↑ pressure in pulmonary vasculature → congestion
& pressure makes it difficult for the RV to pump blood into PA and lungs so → fluid
backs up → RV to RA SVC & IVC to JVD, LIVER CONGESTION, ASCITIES, LEG
EDEMA peripheral edema
To DX CHF BY MEASURING:
VS
to dx mi by measuring: - ✔️CHF:MEASUREMENT OF BNP
NORMAL = 50 pg/ml
MILD HF BNP = 130
SEVERE HF BNP = 1000
mi: measurement of troponin (measures injured cells in the myocardium) (or ck which
measures injured cells all together)
↑titer = ↑severity on both
TX CHF with - ✔️positive inotropic drug - digoxin to ↑ Contraction
vasodilator - NTG, ACE Inhibitors to ↓Resistance
Diuretics to ↓Preload
S&S & Patho of CARDIOGENIC SHOCK - ✔️HEART RELATED ISSUES, VAVLE
PROBLEMS, DYSRHYTHMIA, MI, HYPOTENSION, ETC → ↓ CONTRACTION → ↓
PERFUSION → IMPAIRS CELLULAR FXN → HYPOXIA OF CELLS →
HYPOTENSION
, Hypotension, dyspnea ↓consciousness, ↓
+++.UO, Long Cap Refill, pale cool skin.
TX of Cardiogenic Shock - ✔️Positive inotropic drug to ↑contraction -DIGOXIN
Peripheral vasodilator to ↓afterload to ↓resistance & vasodilate arteries.
S&S & patho of Coronary Arterial DZ - ✔️Ischemic Pain in ♥ = painful constriction/tight
Duration of tightness - 3-5 min. Needs NTG
Exacerbated w/ exercise. Lessens at Rest. Left arm pain, back pain and Jaw pain.
Plaque occludes artery narrows & irritates it → inflammation ↑ C-Reactive Protein →
↓CO ischemic pain → Necrosis of heart tissue and cells = MI → ♥ is O2 deprived
S&S of LCA - ✔️Poor Perfusion : usual suspects:
Diminished pulse, prolonged capillary refill, Pale Cool skin and delayed healing
S&S & Patho of RCA - ✔️Poor Perfusion : usual suspects: Diminished pulse,
prolonged capillary refill, Pale Cool skin and delayed healing. ↓HR ↓CO
RV is affected → SA Node Bradycardia → PNS→ affects digestion, urination, ↓HR ↓CO
S&S of Angina - ✔️Tight, heavy Indigestion like 3-5 mins, clears after NTG.
Exacerbated w/exercise. Lessens at rest. Levine Sign - clench a fist over sternum. left
arm, jaw & back pain
Lactic Acid Build Up & Stretching of ischemic Myocardium → Irritates Myocardial Nerve
Fibers NF transmit pain impulses to area of spinal tract C3-T4 left arm, jaw & back pain
S&S & TX differences between Stable Angina Vs Unstable Angina - ✔️Stable: needs 1
NTG if S&S (Tight, chest. Exacerbated w/exercise. Lessens at rest. Levine Sign). TX:
NTG & Aspirin
Unstable: Needs 3 NTG to have pain go away plus EKG shows acute ischemic
changes. TX: ↑coronary patency. IV NTG, IV Morphine, Angioplasty
Difference between Stable vs Unstable Angina - ✔️Stable: Plaque slowly develops in
coronary artery → ischemia → Arteriogenesis COLLATERAL CIRCULATION→ new
coronaries
Unstable: Worsening of ischemia. Acute Coronary Syndrome ACS.
TRACYCARDIA - ✔️SNS - Epinephrine secretion binds to beta receptors of the ♥ →
↑HR → ↑contraction.
Hyperkalemia = Hypopolarization
Answers|Verified
S&S & patho of LHF - ✔️Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema: Crackles in the lungs, ↓SO2,
Orthopnea, PND (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea) Hemoptysis, SOB.
↓LV Contractility or MI of LV → weakens LV → ↑Afterload → ↑Preload → Preload
pushes back from LV to LA to PV to PC to fill Alveolar →Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
S&S & patho of RHF - ✔️PVR: Liver Congestion, Ascites, Peripheral Edema, Low UO,
Longer Capillary Refill, Fatigue, JVD, Confusion
RV ↓ in Contractility or MI weakens RV ↑AFTERLOAD ↑ PRELOAD → RV to RA to SVC
JUGULAR VEINS → JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION or to IVC to PERIPHERY to LIVER
CONGESTION & ASCITES & EDEMA OF LEGS & FEET
S&S of COR PULMONALE - ✔️Fatigue/ Weakness, SOB, Confusion, Hypotension,
Low UO, Long Cap Refill. Peripheral Edema
Chronic Bronchitis or Chronic Lung Disease that causes RHF Mucus & congestion fills
the lungs lungs become very stiff → ↑ pressure in pulmonary vasculature → congestion
& pressure makes it difficult for the RV to pump blood into PA and lungs so → fluid
backs up → RV to RA SVC & IVC to JVD, LIVER CONGESTION, ASCITIES, LEG
EDEMA peripheral edema
To DX CHF BY MEASURING:
VS
to dx mi by measuring: - ✔️CHF:MEASUREMENT OF BNP
NORMAL = 50 pg/ml
MILD HF BNP = 130
SEVERE HF BNP = 1000
mi: measurement of troponin (measures injured cells in the myocardium) (or ck which
measures injured cells all together)
↑titer = ↑severity on both
TX CHF with - ✔️positive inotropic drug - digoxin to ↑ Contraction
vasodilator - NTG, ACE Inhibitors to ↓Resistance
Diuretics to ↓Preload
S&S & Patho of CARDIOGENIC SHOCK - ✔️HEART RELATED ISSUES, VAVLE
PROBLEMS, DYSRHYTHMIA, MI, HYPOTENSION, ETC → ↓ CONTRACTION → ↓
PERFUSION → IMPAIRS CELLULAR FXN → HYPOXIA OF CELLS →
HYPOTENSION
, Hypotension, dyspnea ↓consciousness, ↓
+++.UO, Long Cap Refill, pale cool skin.
TX of Cardiogenic Shock - ✔️Positive inotropic drug to ↑contraction -DIGOXIN
Peripheral vasodilator to ↓afterload to ↓resistance & vasodilate arteries.
S&S & patho of Coronary Arterial DZ - ✔️Ischemic Pain in ♥ = painful constriction/tight
Duration of tightness - 3-5 min. Needs NTG
Exacerbated w/ exercise. Lessens at Rest. Left arm pain, back pain and Jaw pain.
Plaque occludes artery narrows & irritates it → inflammation ↑ C-Reactive Protein →
↓CO ischemic pain → Necrosis of heart tissue and cells = MI → ♥ is O2 deprived
S&S of LCA - ✔️Poor Perfusion : usual suspects:
Diminished pulse, prolonged capillary refill, Pale Cool skin and delayed healing
S&S & Patho of RCA - ✔️Poor Perfusion : usual suspects: Diminished pulse,
prolonged capillary refill, Pale Cool skin and delayed healing. ↓HR ↓CO
RV is affected → SA Node Bradycardia → PNS→ affects digestion, urination, ↓HR ↓CO
S&S of Angina - ✔️Tight, heavy Indigestion like 3-5 mins, clears after NTG.
Exacerbated w/exercise. Lessens at rest. Levine Sign - clench a fist over sternum. left
arm, jaw & back pain
Lactic Acid Build Up & Stretching of ischemic Myocardium → Irritates Myocardial Nerve
Fibers NF transmit pain impulses to area of spinal tract C3-T4 left arm, jaw & back pain
S&S & TX differences between Stable Angina Vs Unstable Angina - ✔️Stable: needs 1
NTG if S&S (Tight, chest. Exacerbated w/exercise. Lessens at rest. Levine Sign). TX:
NTG & Aspirin
Unstable: Needs 3 NTG to have pain go away plus EKG shows acute ischemic
changes. TX: ↑coronary patency. IV NTG, IV Morphine, Angioplasty
Difference between Stable vs Unstable Angina - ✔️Stable: Plaque slowly develops in
coronary artery → ischemia → Arteriogenesis COLLATERAL CIRCULATION→ new
coronaries
Unstable: Worsening of ischemia. Acute Coronary Syndrome ACS.
TRACYCARDIA - ✔️SNS - Epinephrine secretion binds to beta receptors of the ♥ →
↑HR → ↑contraction.
Hyperkalemia = Hypopolarization
