ECU PATHO exam 2|Questions With Correct
Answers|Verified
Hypotonic - ✔️less osmolarity, less concentrated with particles
Hypertonic - ✔️higher osmolarity, more concentrated particles
isotonic - ✔️Equal balance of osmolarity
What are examples of isotonic body fluid loss - ✔️diarrhea
blood
vomit
what are example sof hypotonic body fluid loss - ✔️sweat and saliva
Isotonic IV solution - ✔️0.9% NaCl
Hypotonic IV solution - ✔️0.45% NaCl lesser tonicity of blood
Hypertonic IV solution - ✔️3% NaCl greater tonicity blood
hyponatremia - ✔️low blood sodium
what is the most important electrolyte? - ✔️potassium
What is the principle ion in resting membrane potential?
A Calcium
B Sodium
C Potassium
D Chloride - ✔️C
Hypokalemia - ✔️low Blood Potassium (below 3.5 mEq/L)
Hyperkalemia - ✔️High Blood Potassium (above 5.2 mEq/L)
What is the treatment of Hyperkalemia? why? - ✔️IV 50% dextrose, 10 units of regular
insulin.
Insulin decreases the blood potassium and the BG, so you need the dextrose to prevent
hypoglycemia
What are keys sings of hycocalcemia? - ✔️Chvosek's and Trousseau's sign
Chvosek's Sign - ✔️Facial spasm
, Trousseau's sign - ✔️Carpal spasm
What is associated with DKA - ✔️Hyperkalemia
what is the normal GFR - ✔️125 mL/mg
Clearance - ✔️Flow of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the
kidneys
What does PAH clearance determine - ✔️Renal plasma flow
What does Inulin clearance determine - ✔️GFR
What does Creatinine clearance determine - ✔️Glomerular Filtration rate
Secretion - ✔️When you are excreting more than you are filtering
Absorption - ✔️When the excretion rate is lower than the filtration rate
What would happen if your creatinine doubled (1 to 2)? - ✔️GFR would decrease 50%
Positive Free Water Clearance - ✔️Diluted urine (possibly over hydrated)
Negative Free Water Clearance - ✔️Concentrated urine (possibly dehydrated)
Where does bulk isotonic reabsorption occur? - ✔️the proximal tubules
what is the primary role of aldosterone? - ✔️to regulate plasma potassium
Aldosterone is.. - ✔️Sodium sparing (and water) and potassium wasting
A diuretic that is an Aldosterone inhibitor - ✔️wastes sodium and spares potassium
What is Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) - ✔️A diabetic medication that blocks kidney reuptake
of blood glucose
What are nursing precautions needed to be considered when giving a patient Farxiga? -
✔️This medication takes water with it, so can potentially cause dehydration, make sure
to keep patient hydrated.
Which is more reliable in determining GFR function? Creatinine or BUN? -
✔️Creatinine
Answers|Verified
Hypotonic - ✔️less osmolarity, less concentrated with particles
Hypertonic - ✔️higher osmolarity, more concentrated particles
isotonic - ✔️Equal balance of osmolarity
What are examples of isotonic body fluid loss - ✔️diarrhea
blood
vomit
what are example sof hypotonic body fluid loss - ✔️sweat and saliva
Isotonic IV solution - ✔️0.9% NaCl
Hypotonic IV solution - ✔️0.45% NaCl lesser tonicity of blood
Hypertonic IV solution - ✔️3% NaCl greater tonicity blood
hyponatremia - ✔️low blood sodium
what is the most important electrolyte? - ✔️potassium
What is the principle ion in resting membrane potential?
A Calcium
B Sodium
C Potassium
D Chloride - ✔️C
Hypokalemia - ✔️low Blood Potassium (below 3.5 mEq/L)
Hyperkalemia - ✔️High Blood Potassium (above 5.2 mEq/L)
What is the treatment of Hyperkalemia? why? - ✔️IV 50% dextrose, 10 units of regular
insulin.
Insulin decreases the blood potassium and the BG, so you need the dextrose to prevent
hypoglycemia
What are keys sings of hycocalcemia? - ✔️Chvosek's and Trousseau's sign
Chvosek's Sign - ✔️Facial spasm
, Trousseau's sign - ✔️Carpal spasm
What is associated with DKA - ✔️Hyperkalemia
what is the normal GFR - ✔️125 mL/mg
Clearance - ✔️Flow of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the
kidneys
What does PAH clearance determine - ✔️Renal plasma flow
What does Inulin clearance determine - ✔️GFR
What does Creatinine clearance determine - ✔️Glomerular Filtration rate
Secretion - ✔️When you are excreting more than you are filtering
Absorption - ✔️When the excretion rate is lower than the filtration rate
What would happen if your creatinine doubled (1 to 2)? - ✔️GFR would decrease 50%
Positive Free Water Clearance - ✔️Diluted urine (possibly over hydrated)
Negative Free Water Clearance - ✔️Concentrated urine (possibly dehydrated)
Where does bulk isotonic reabsorption occur? - ✔️the proximal tubules
what is the primary role of aldosterone? - ✔️to regulate plasma potassium
Aldosterone is.. - ✔️Sodium sparing (and water) and potassium wasting
A diuretic that is an Aldosterone inhibitor - ✔️wastes sodium and spares potassium
What is Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) - ✔️A diabetic medication that blocks kidney reuptake
of blood glucose
What are nursing precautions needed to be considered when giving a patient Farxiga? -
✔️This medication takes water with it, so can potentially cause dehydration, make sure
to keep patient hydrated.
Which is more reliable in determining GFR function? Creatinine or BUN? -
✔️Creatinine
