WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAMS 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they
induce production of - ✔✔nitric oxide.
✔✔An example of an acyanotic heart defect is - ✔✔ventricular septal defect.
✔✔A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the
vasomotor center is cardiogenic. - ✔✔False
✔✔An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of -
✔✔premature ventricular complexes.
✔✔Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with - ✔✔acute onset of
left ventricular dysfunction.
✔✔Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________
shock. - ✔✔cardiogenic
✔✔After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later.
The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and
has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is
the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time? - ✔✔Continue lifestyle
modifications only.
✔✔Sepsis has been recently redefined as - ✔✔a systemic inflammatory response to
infection.
✔✔A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly
crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely
experiencing - ✔✔acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
✔✔Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic
manifestations of - ✔✔cardiac tamponade.
✔✔Lusitropic impairment refers to - ✔✔impaired diastolic relaxation.
✔✔What results when systemic blood pressure is increased? - ✔✔Vasoconstriction
✔✔An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's
left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure? - ✔✔Left ventricular
workload is increased with high afterload.
, ✔✔A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound
hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock. -
✔✔septic
✔✔Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n) - ✔✔communication
between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
✔✔Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from
juxtaglomerular cells. - ✔✔renin
✔✔How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid
hormone-related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance? - ✔✔
✔✔Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as -
✔✔
✔✔The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung
disease is caused by - ✔✔
✔✔Lack of α-antitrypsin in emphysema causes - ✔✔
✔✔Legionnaires disease is characterized by - ✔✔
✔✔When a parent of a toddler recently diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia asks
why their child is so much sicker than a classmate was when they were diagnosed with
pneumonia, the nurse replies - ✔✔
✔✔Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability? - ✔✔
✔✔A major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is - ✔✔
✔✔A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV
depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse. Which blood gas
results should be relayed to the physician? - ✔✔
✔✔Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of
ATP are associated with - ✔✔
✔✔Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete? - ✔✔
✔✔A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms
should you anticipate in your assessment? - ✔✔
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they
induce production of - ✔✔nitric oxide.
✔✔An example of an acyanotic heart defect is - ✔✔ventricular septal defect.
✔✔A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the
vasomotor center is cardiogenic. - ✔✔False
✔✔An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of -
✔✔premature ventricular complexes.
✔✔Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with - ✔✔acute onset of
left ventricular dysfunction.
✔✔Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________
shock. - ✔✔cardiogenic
✔✔After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later.
The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and
has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is
the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time? - ✔✔Continue lifestyle
modifications only.
✔✔Sepsis has been recently redefined as - ✔✔a systemic inflammatory response to
infection.
✔✔A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly
crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely
experiencing - ✔✔acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
✔✔Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic
manifestations of - ✔✔cardiac tamponade.
✔✔Lusitropic impairment refers to - ✔✔impaired diastolic relaxation.
✔✔What results when systemic blood pressure is increased? - ✔✔Vasoconstriction
✔✔An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's
left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure? - ✔✔Left ventricular
workload is increased with high afterload.
, ✔✔A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound
hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock. -
✔✔septic
✔✔Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n) - ✔✔communication
between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
✔✔Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from
juxtaglomerular cells. - ✔✔renin
✔✔How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid
hormone-related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance? - ✔✔
✔✔Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as -
✔✔
✔✔The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung
disease is caused by - ✔✔
✔✔Lack of α-antitrypsin in emphysema causes - ✔✔
✔✔Legionnaires disease is characterized by - ✔✔
✔✔When a parent of a toddler recently diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia asks
why their child is so much sicker than a classmate was when they were diagnosed with
pneumonia, the nurse replies - ✔✔
✔✔Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability? - ✔✔
✔✔A major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is - ✔✔
✔✔A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV
depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse. Which blood gas
results should be relayed to the physician? - ✔✔
✔✔Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of
ATP are associated with - ✔✔
✔✔Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete? - ✔✔
✔✔A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms
should you anticipate in your assessment? - ✔✔
