BIOLOGY 235: EXAM 3 QUESTIONS &
SOLUTIONS(RATED A+)
Nonspecific Resistance (Innate Immunity) - ANSWER present at birth; includes defense
mechanisms that provide general protection against invasion by a wide range of
pathogens
Immunity (Adaptive Immunity) - ANSWER involves activation of specific lymphocytes
that combat a particular pathogen
lymphatic system - ANSWER the body system that carries out immune responses is the
____________ ______________.
innate immunity - ANSWER refers to a wide variety of body responses that serve to
protect us against invasion of a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins
1. Skin and Mucous Membrane
2. Internal Defenses - ANSWER What are the two lines of defense in innate immunity?
Mechanical Defenses - ANSWER 1st line of defense (Innate Immunity)
Skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, mucous, cilia, epiglottis, urine flow, defecation,
vomiting
Chemical Defenses - ANSWER 1st line of dense (Innate Immunity)
Sebum, lysozyme, gastric juice, etc.
Internal Defenses - ANSWER 2nd line of defense (Innate immunity)
Antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes (macrophages & neutrophils), NK cells, inflammatory
response, fever
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
A. Histamine
B. Increased
C. Inflammation
D. Spreading
E. Fighting
F. Neutrophils - ANSWER In response to injury, basophils (in blood) and mast cells (in
tissues) derived from basophils release _______A_______, which causes vasodilation
and ______B______ permeability of blood vessels. Fluid leaks into tissues, causing
local _____C_____ and warmth in the tissue. Inflammation walls of the infection which
prevents it from _____D_____. Warmth increases the metabolism of WBCs that are
, ______E_____ the infection. Chemicals released in the infected tissue attract
phagocytes cells (macrophages and _____F____) to move into the tissue from the
bloodstream.
adaptive immunity - ANSWER is the ability of the body to defend itself against specific
invading agents
A. Antigens
B. Viruses - ANSWER in adaptive immunity:
_____A_____ are chemicals that provoke immune responses
_____A_____ can be molecules (proteins), on the cell surface component of
_____B____, and bacterial toxins
1. Cell-mediated: Cytotoxic T Cell lymphocytes
2. Antibody-mediated: B cell lymphocytes - ANSWER adaptive immunity has both
specificity and memory and is divided into 2 types. What are they?
Cell-mediated: Cytotoxic T Cell lymphocytes - ANSWER adaptive immunity:
attack virally infected cells and cancer cells
Antibody-mediated: B cell lymphocytes - ANSWER adaptive immunity
respond to specific infections by developing into antibody producing plasma cells
memory - ANSWER _____________ T cells and B cells "remember" the infections if the
body is infected again by the same pathogen
cytokines - ANSWER helper t cells produce __________ that activate cytotoxic T cells,
B cells and other parts of the immune system
A. T
B. B - ANSWER memory _____A_____ cells and ____B____ cells give the body
adaptive immunity to specific viral and bacterial infections
plasma - ANSWER B cell lymphocytes become __________ cells, which produce
antibodies that attach to antigens on pathogens
AIDS - ANSWER is a condition in which a person experiences an assortment of
infections due to the progressive destruction of primarily helper T cells by HIV
autoimmune disease - ANSWER occurs when the immune system reacts to "self
antigen" and attacks the person's own body tissues
SOLUTIONS(RATED A+)
Nonspecific Resistance (Innate Immunity) - ANSWER present at birth; includes defense
mechanisms that provide general protection against invasion by a wide range of
pathogens
Immunity (Adaptive Immunity) - ANSWER involves activation of specific lymphocytes
that combat a particular pathogen
lymphatic system - ANSWER the body system that carries out immune responses is the
____________ ______________.
innate immunity - ANSWER refers to a wide variety of body responses that serve to
protect us against invasion of a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins
1. Skin and Mucous Membrane
2. Internal Defenses - ANSWER What are the two lines of defense in innate immunity?
Mechanical Defenses - ANSWER 1st line of defense (Innate Immunity)
Skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, mucous, cilia, epiglottis, urine flow, defecation,
vomiting
Chemical Defenses - ANSWER 1st line of dense (Innate Immunity)
Sebum, lysozyme, gastric juice, etc.
Internal Defenses - ANSWER 2nd line of defense (Innate immunity)
Antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes (macrophages & neutrophils), NK cells, inflammatory
response, fever
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
A. Histamine
B. Increased
C. Inflammation
D. Spreading
E. Fighting
F. Neutrophils - ANSWER In response to injury, basophils (in blood) and mast cells (in
tissues) derived from basophils release _______A_______, which causes vasodilation
and ______B______ permeability of blood vessels. Fluid leaks into tissues, causing
local _____C_____ and warmth in the tissue. Inflammation walls of the infection which
prevents it from _____D_____. Warmth increases the metabolism of WBCs that are
, ______E_____ the infection. Chemicals released in the infected tissue attract
phagocytes cells (macrophages and _____F____) to move into the tissue from the
bloodstream.
adaptive immunity - ANSWER is the ability of the body to defend itself against specific
invading agents
A. Antigens
B. Viruses - ANSWER in adaptive immunity:
_____A_____ are chemicals that provoke immune responses
_____A_____ can be molecules (proteins), on the cell surface component of
_____B____, and bacterial toxins
1. Cell-mediated: Cytotoxic T Cell lymphocytes
2. Antibody-mediated: B cell lymphocytes - ANSWER adaptive immunity has both
specificity and memory and is divided into 2 types. What are they?
Cell-mediated: Cytotoxic T Cell lymphocytes - ANSWER adaptive immunity:
attack virally infected cells and cancer cells
Antibody-mediated: B cell lymphocytes - ANSWER adaptive immunity
respond to specific infections by developing into antibody producing plasma cells
memory - ANSWER _____________ T cells and B cells "remember" the infections if the
body is infected again by the same pathogen
cytokines - ANSWER helper t cells produce __________ that activate cytotoxic T cells,
B cells and other parts of the immune system
A. T
B. B - ANSWER memory _____A_____ cells and ____B____ cells give the body
adaptive immunity to specific viral and bacterial infections
plasma - ANSWER B cell lymphocytes become __________ cells, which produce
antibodies that attach to antigens on pathogens
AIDS - ANSWER is a condition in which a person experiences an assortment of
infections due to the progressive destruction of primarily helper T cells by HIV
autoimmune disease - ANSWER occurs when the immune system reacts to "self
antigen" and attacks the person's own body tissues
