TEST BANK For Pilbeams Mechanical Ventilation 8th Edition by Cairo| Verified Chapter's 1 - 23 | Complete

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Chapter231;23Basic23Terms23and23Concepts23of23Mechanical23Ven
tilation23Test23Bank

MULTIPLE23CHOICE

1. The23body’s23mechanism23for23conducting23air23in23and23out23of23th
e23lungs23is23known23as23which23of23the23following?
a. External23respiration
b. Internal23respiration
c. Spontaneous23ventilation
d. Mechanical2 3 ventilation


ANS:23C
The23conduction23of23air23in23and23out23of23the23body23is23known23as
23ventilation. 23Since23the23question 23asks23for23the23body’s23mecha
nism,23this23would23be23spontaneous23ventilation.23External23respir
ation23involves23the23exchange23of23oxygen23(O2)23and23carbon23dio
xide23(CO2)23between23the23alveoli23and23the23pulmonary23capillari
es.23Internal23respiration23occurs23at23the23cellular23level23and23inv
olves23movement23of23oxygen23from23the23systemic23blood23into23th
e23cells.

DIF: 1 REF:2 3 pg.233

2. Which23of23the23following23are23involved23in23external23respiration?
a. Red23 blood23cells23 and23 body23ce
lls
b. Scalenes23and23trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli23and23pulmonary
capillaries
d. External23oblique23and
transverse2 3 abdominal2 3 muscle
s


ANS:23C
External23respiration23involves23the23exchange23of23oxygen23and23c
arbon23dioxide23(CO2)23between23the23alveoli23and23the23pulmonary
23capillaries. 23Internal23respiration 23occurs23at23the23cellular23level
23and23involves23movement23of23oxygen23from23the23systemic 23bloo
d23into23the23cells.
Scalene23and23trapezius23muscles23are23accessory23muscles23of23ins
piration.23External23oblique23and23transverse23abdominal23muscles2
3are23accessory 23muscles23of23expiration.

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DIF: 1 REF:2 3 pg.233

3. The23graph23that23shows23intrapleural23pressure23changes23du
ring23normal23spontaneous23breathing23is23depicted23by23whic
h23of23the23following?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS:23B
During23spontaneous23breathing23the23intrapleural23pressure23dro
ps23from23about23-523cm23H2O23at23end-expiration23to23about23-
1023cm23H2O23at23end-
inspiration.23The23graph23depicted23for23answer23B23shows23that23
change23from23-523cm23H2O23to23-1023cm23H2O.

DIF: 1 REF:2 3 pg.234

4. During23 spontaneous23 inspiration23 alveolar23 pressure23 (PA)23 is23 about:
.
a. -23123cm23H2O
b. +23123cm23H2O
c. 023cm23H2O
d. 523cm23H2O


ANS:23A
-
123cm23H2O23is23the23lowest23alveolar23pressure23will23become23duri
ng23normal23spontaneous23ventilation. 23During23the23exhalation23of
23a2 3 normal23spontaneous 23breath23the23alveolar23pressure 23will23b
ecome23+123cm23H2O.

DIF: 1 REF:2 3 pg.233

5. The23pressure23required23to23maintain23alveolar23inflation23is23kno
wn23as23which23of23the23following?
a. Transairway23pressure23(PTA23)
b. Transthoracic23pressure23(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory 23pressure23(PTR
)

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d. Transpulmonary2 3 pressure2 3 (PL)


ANS:23D
The23definition23of23transpulmonary23pressure23(PL)23is23the23pressur
e23required23to23maintain23alveolar23inflation.23Transairway23pressur
e23(PTA23)23is23the23pressure23gradient23required23to23produce23airflo
w23in23the23conducting23tubes.23Transrespiratory 23pressure23(PTR)23is
23the23pressure23to23inflate 23the23lungs23and23airways23during23positi
ve23pressure23ventilation.23Transthoracic23pressure23(PTT)23represen
ts23the23pressure23required23to23expand23or23contract23the23lungs23a
nd23the23chest23wall23at23the23same23time.

DIF: 1 REF:2 3 pg.233

6. Calculate23the23pressure23needed23to23overcome23airway23resistanc
e23during23positive23pressure23ventilation23when23the23proximal23air
way23pressure23(PAw)23is233523cm23H2O23and23the23alveolar23pressure2
3(PA)23is23523cm23H2O.

a. 723cm23H2O
b. 3023cm23H2O
c. 4023cm23H2O
d. 17523cm23H2O


ANS:23B
The23transairway23pressure23(PTA23)23is23used23to23calculate23the23pr
essure23required23to23overcome23airway23resistance23during23mech
anical23ventilation. 23This23formula23is23PTA23=23Paw23-23PA.

DIF: 2 REF:2 3 pg.233

7. The23term23used23to23describe23the23tendency23of23a23structure23to23r
eturn23to23its23original23form23after23being23stretched23or23acted23on2
3by23an23outside 23force23is23which23of23the23following?

a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous23resistance
d. Distending23pressure