MICROBIOLOGY LECTURE DR. HAROLD KAY
NJEMANZE HCC FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Definition of pathogens* - Answers :"disease causing organism"..
.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a
host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to
cause damage to tissues (disease) or even death
Decomposers* - Answers :microorganism that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead
matter and waste (saprobes)
Genetic engineering* - Answers :the Process When humans manipulate the genes of
microorganism
Biotechnology* - Answers :the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of
microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes
Characteristics of viruses* - Answers :1. obligate, intracellular parasites. VIRUSES
INFECT EVERYTHING
2. Acellular. not cell-like
3. ultramicroscopic
4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical
5. do not have the characteristics of life
6. inactive when outside the host cell
7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)
8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both
9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA
10. viruses are specific to host cells
11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities
Phylogeny* - Answers :the development or evolution of a particular group of organisms.
The first phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of
just two kingdoms (plants and animals).
Helminthes* - Answers :worms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms
PARASITIC WORMS
include the round worms (ascaris) and Flatworm (platyhelminthes) called tapeworms
Taxonomic hierarchy* - Answers :...The formal system for organizing,
classifying, and naming living things.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum ---> division (plants)
,Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Bioremediation* - Answers :the manipulation of organisms or their components to make
useful products such as humans using yeast to make beer
Six I's of studying microbiology* - Answers :1.Inoculation
2.Incubation
3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Information gathering
6.Identification
Types of microbial media* - Answers :selective
enriched
differential
Medium for fastidious bacteria* - Answers :enriched medium
Selective medium* - Answers :Contains one or more agents that inhibits growth of some
microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes
- A media that is selectively encourage the growth of the species of a microbe while
inhibitated to the growth of others
- AKA will encourage one microbe to grow but will discourage other microbes from
growing.
- Example is Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) ---(selectively encourage the growth of)--> Staph
Aureus which will show a gold coloration
- Example is Macconkey ---(selectively encourage the growth of)---> E.Coli which will
glow pink
- Pseudononas canusinosa can be both selective and differential
Differential medium* - Answers :Allows growth of several types of microbes and
displays visible differences among those microbes
- Encourage growth of more than 1 microbes and allow them to use different physical
properties
- Macconkey can be both differential and selective
Medium with thioglycolic acid* - Answers :Reduce oxygen concentration to test for
anaerobic microbes
reducing media
, Mannitol Salt Agar - Answers :is used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.
Resolving power/resolution* - Answers :clarity. minimal distance between two objects
and which objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects
macronutrient* - Answers :...required in relatively
large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
carbohydrates
protein
lipids/oils
Micronutrient* - Answers :...or trace elements, such as manganese,
zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved
in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to
vitamins
elements
ions
Trace element* - Answers :Needed in very small quantities
Phototroph* - Answers :.microbes
that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from
sunlight"
Organisms that can get their energy from the sun
Heterotrophy* - Answers :an organism that depends on other sources for its carbon
If an organism depends on others to get its carbon,
Chemotroph* - Answers :microbes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism
that uses chemicals for energy, rather than light"
Organism that get there energy from food are
Methanogen* - Answers :which produce methane (CH4) from hydrogen gas and carbon
dioxide
Saprobes* - Answers :an organism that lives
NJEMANZE HCC FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Definition of pathogens* - Answers :"disease causing organism"..
.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a
host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to
cause damage to tissues (disease) or even death
Decomposers* - Answers :microorganism that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead
matter and waste (saprobes)
Genetic engineering* - Answers :the Process When humans manipulate the genes of
microorganism
Biotechnology* - Answers :the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of
microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes
Characteristics of viruses* - Answers :1. obligate, intracellular parasites. VIRUSES
INFECT EVERYTHING
2. Acellular. not cell-like
3. ultramicroscopic
4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical
5. do not have the characteristics of life
6. inactive when outside the host cell
7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)
8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both
9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA
10. viruses are specific to host cells
11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities
Phylogeny* - Answers :the development or evolution of a particular group of organisms.
The first phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of
just two kingdoms (plants and animals).
Helminthes* - Answers :worms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms
PARASITIC WORMS
include the round worms (ascaris) and Flatworm (platyhelminthes) called tapeworms
Taxonomic hierarchy* - Answers :...The formal system for organizing,
classifying, and naming living things.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum ---> division (plants)
,Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Bioremediation* - Answers :the manipulation of organisms or their components to make
useful products such as humans using yeast to make beer
Six I's of studying microbiology* - Answers :1.Inoculation
2.Incubation
3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Information gathering
6.Identification
Types of microbial media* - Answers :selective
enriched
differential
Medium for fastidious bacteria* - Answers :enriched medium
Selective medium* - Answers :Contains one or more agents that inhibits growth of some
microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes
- A media that is selectively encourage the growth of the species of a microbe while
inhibitated to the growth of others
- AKA will encourage one microbe to grow but will discourage other microbes from
growing.
- Example is Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) ---(selectively encourage the growth of)--> Staph
Aureus which will show a gold coloration
- Example is Macconkey ---(selectively encourage the growth of)---> E.Coli which will
glow pink
- Pseudononas canusinosa can be both selective and differential
Differential medium* - Answers :Allows growth of several types of microbes and
displays visible differences among those microbes
- Encourage growth of more than 1 microbes and allow them to use different physical
properties
- Macconkey can be both differential and selective
Medium with thioglycolic acid* - Answers :Reduce oxygen concentration to test for
anaerobic microbes
reducing media
, Mannitol Salt Agar - Answers :is used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.
Resolving power/resolution* - Answers :clarity. minimal distance between two objects
and which objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects
macronutrient* - Answers :...required in relatively
large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
carbohydrates
protein
lipids/oils
Micronutrient* - Answers :...or trace elements, such as manganese,
zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved
in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to
vitamins
elements
ions
Trace element* - Answers :Needed in very small quantities
Phototroph* - Answers :.microbes
that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from
sunlight"
Organisms that can get their energy from the sun
Heterotrophy* - Answers :an organism that depends on other sources for its carbon
If an organism depends on others to get its carbon,
Chemotroph* - Answers :microbes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism
that uses chemicals for energy, rather than light"
Organism that get there energy from food are
Methanogen* - Answers :which produce methane (CH4) from hydrogen gas and carbon
dioxide
Saprobes* - Answers :an organism that lives
