MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW HCC
Characteristics of virus are? - Answers :- Obligate - obligated to infect a host cell to
mulitply.
- A cellular - not cell like.
- Don't have characteristics of life.
- Inactive when outside a host cell
- Specific to host cells
What is the lysogenic phase of the viral multiplication cycle? - Answers :During
lysogenic cycle the virus do not cause lysis and death of host cell.
1. Attachment (adsorption)
2. Entry (penetration)
3. Uncoat
4. Integration
What is prophage? - Answers :A viral infection that does not cause lysis or death of the
host cell instead it remains dormant.
What are the parts of a virus? - Answers :Nucleic acid or Genome (DNA, RNA) and
protein
What are capsomeres? - Answers :Sub-unit structures made of protein that form the
capsid.
How are viral infections treated? - Answers :Treat the symptoms and reduce rate of
multiplication.
What are nucleocapsids? - Answers :The combination of a viral particle's nucleic acid
and capsid.
What are infectious naked strands of RNA called? - Answers :Viroids - they lack protein
coat.
Whare are infectious proteins particles called? - Answers :Prions - they lack nucleic acid
only have proteins
What is the correct sequence of events in viral multiplication? - Answers :Viral
multiplication has to different cycles Lytic and Lysogenic.
Lytic cyle - results in death of host cell
1. Adsorption - Binding of virus to specific molecule on a host cell.
2. Penetration - Genome enters the cell.
3. Uncoating - The viral nucleic acid is released from the capsid.
4. Integration
5. BioSynthesis - Viral components (proteins and genome) are produced
, 6. Assembly - new viral particles are assembled.
7. Release - Assembled viruses are released by exocytosis or cell lysis.
Lysogenic Cycle
Viral multiplication does not cause lysis and death of the host cell.
1. Attachment
2. Entry - penetration
3. Uncoat
4. Integration
Subunits of capsids are called? - Answers :Capsomeres
How is a virus family name written? - Answers :Viruses are classified in Order, Family,
Genome, and Species only. They are classified by structure, chemical composition, and
genetic makeup.
Order ends in virales (Caudovirales, Mononegavirales, Nidovirales)
Family name ends in virdae.
Genus name ends in virus.
Speices - not specified on boon
What does the core of every virus particle contain? - Answers :Nucleic acid molecules
(DNA or RNA )
What is the decolorizer in the Gram stain? - Answers :Ethyl Alcohol
What is the primary dye in the acid fast stain? - Answers :Carbol Fuschin
What is the cell structure that is an important agent in modern genetic engineering
techniques? - Answers :Plasmid
What is the mordant in the Gram stain? - Answers :Gram's iodine, which increases
contrast
Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be
what? - Answers :Lophotrichous
What is the sequence for a gram stain? - Answers :- Crystal Violet for 60 sec
- Wash
- Iodine for 60 sec
- Wash
- Ethanol for 30 sec
-Wash
- Safranin
Characteristics of virus are? - Answers :- Obligate - obligated to infect a host cell to
mulitply.
- A cellular - not cell like.
- Don't have characteristics of life.
- Inactive when outside a host cell
- Specific to host cells
What is the lysogenic phase of the viral multiplication cycle? - Answers :During
lysogenic cycle the virus do not cause lysis and death of host cell.
1. Attachment (adsorption)
2. Entry (penetration)
3. Uncoat
4. Integration
What is prophage? - Answers :A viral infection that does not cause lysis or death of the
host cell instead it remains dormant.
What are the parts of a virus? - Answers :Nucleic acid or Genome (DNA, RNA) and
protein
What are capsomeres? - Answers :Sub-unit structures made of protein that form the
capsid.
How are viral infections treated? - Answers :Treat the symptoms and reduce rate of
multiplication.
What are nucleocapsids? - Answers :The combination of a viral particle's nucleic acid
and capsid.
What are infectious naked strands of RNA called? - Answers :Viroids - they lack protein
coat.
Whare are infectious proteins particles called? - Answers :Prions - they lack nucleic acid
only have proteins
What is the correct sequence of events in viral multiplication? - Answers :Viral
multiplication has to different cycles Lytic and Lysogenic.
Lytic cyle - results in death of host cell
1. Adsorption - Binding of virus to specific molecule on a host cell.
2. Penetration - Genome enters the cell.
3. Uncoating - The viral nucleic acid is released from the capsid.
4. Integration
5. BioSynthesis - Viral components (proteins and genome) are produced
, 6. Assembly - new viral particles are assembled.
7. Release - Assembled viruses are released by exocytosis or cell lysis.
Lysogenic Cycle
Viral multiplication does not cause lysis and death of the host cell.
1. Attachment
2. Entry - penetration
3. Uncoat
4. Integration
Subunits of capsids are called? - Answers :Capsomeres
How is a virus family name written? - Answers :Viruses are classified in Order, Family,
Genome, and Species only. They are classified by structure, chemical composition, and
genetic makeup.
Order ends in virales (Caudovirales, Mononegavirales, Nidovirales)
Family name ends in virdae.
Genus name ends in virus.
Speices - not specified on boon
What does the core of every virus particle contain? - Answers :Nucleic acid molecules
(DNA or RNA )
What is the decolorizer in the Gram stain? - Answers :Ethyl Alcohol
What is the primary dye in the acid fast stain? - Answers :Carbol Fuschin
What is the cell structure that is an important agent in modern genetic engineering
techniques? - Answers :Plasmid
What is the mordant in the Gram stain? - Answers :Gram's iodine, which increases
contrast
Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be
what? - Answers :Lophotrichous
What is the sequence for a gram stain? - Answers :- Crystal Violet for 60 sec
- Wash
- Iodine for 60 sec
- Wash
- Ethanol for 30 sec
-Wash
- Safranin
