CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Ascites - (ANSWERS)accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
!@#$$$$$$$$$$%
Venous distention - (ANSWERS)-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - (ANSWERS)-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color - (ANSWERS)-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) - (ANSWERS)-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and
irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea - (ANSWERS)-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes - (ANSWERS)-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle
lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots - (ANSWERS)-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's - (ANSWERS)-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic - (ANSWERS)prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient
expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
Cachectic - (ANSWERS)muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
Retractions - (ANSWERS)-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
,CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Character of cough - (ANSWERS)-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in!@#$$$$$$$$$$%
the lungs or
asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
Evidence of difficult airway - (ANSWERS)-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
Pulsus paradoxus - (ANSWERS)-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. May indicate
severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
Tactile fremitus - (ANSWERS)-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus - (ANSWERS)-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
Resonant percussion - (ANSWERS)-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion - (ANSWERS)-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - (ANSWERS)-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - (ANSWERS)-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant - (ANSWERS)-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
-booming sound
Vesicular breath sounds - (ANSWERS)normal sounds in lungs
Bronchial breath sounds - (ANSWERS)-normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
,CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Egophony - (ANSWERS)-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A. !@#$$$$$$$$$$%
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - (ANSWERS)-increased intensity or transmission of
the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - (ANSWERS)-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - (ANSWERS)-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
Medium rales - (ANSWERS)-middle airway secretions
-needs CPT
Fine rales - (ANSWERS)-fluid in alveoli
-CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
Wheeze - (ANSWERS)-due to bronchospasm
-bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
Stridor - (ANSWERS)-upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
-foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
Pleural friction rub - (ANSWERS)-coarse grating or crunching sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
, CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Heart Sound S₁ - (ANSWERS)-closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the !@#$$$$$$$$$$%
beginning of
ventricular contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - (ANSWERS)-closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - (ANSWERS)-abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - (ANSWERS)-abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as
myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - (ANSWERS)-sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
Bruits - (ANSWERS)-sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent or
flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
Blood pressure - (ANSWERS)-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - (ANSWERS)-angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the
chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - (ANSWERS)-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
Lateral decubitus CXR - (ANSWERS)-patient lying on affected side
-detecting small pleural effusions
End expiratory film - (ANSWERS)-taken when patient is at end-exhalation
-detecting small pneumothorax/foreign body aspiration (FBA)
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Ascites - (ANSWERS)accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
!@#$$$$$$$$$$%
Venous distention - (ANSWERS)-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - (ANSWERS)-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color - (ANSWERS)-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) - (ANSWERS)-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and
irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea - (ANSWERS)-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes - (ANSWERS)-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle
lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots - (ANSWERS)-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's - (ANSWERS)-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic - (ANSWERS)prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient
expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
Cachectic - (ANSWERS)muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
Retractions - (ANSWERS)-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
,CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Character of cough - (ANSWERS)-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in!@#$$$$$$$$$$%
the lungs or
asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
Evidence of difficult airway - (ANSWERS)-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
Pulsus paradoxus - (ANSWERS)-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. May indicate
severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
Tactile fremitus - (ANSWERS)-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus - (ANSWERS)-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
Resonant percussion - (ANSWERS)-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion - (ANSWERS)-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - (ANSWERS)-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - (ANSWERS)-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant - (ANSWERS)-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
-booming sound
Vesicular breath sounds - (ANSWERS)normal sounds in lungs
Bronchial breath sounds - (ANSWERS)-normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
,CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Egophony - (ANSWERS)-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A. !@#$$$$$$$$$$%
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - (ANSWERS)-increased intensity or transmission of
the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - (ANSWERS)-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - (ANSWERS)-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
Medium rales - (ANSWERS)-middle airway secretions
-needs CPT
Fine rales - (ANSWERS)-fluid in alveoli
-CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
Wheeze - (ANSWERS)-due to bronchospasm
-bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
Stridor - (ANSWERS)-upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
-foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
Pleural friction rub - (ANSWERS)-coarse grating or crunching sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
, CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM|
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Heart Sound S₁ - (ANSWERS)-closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the !@#$$$$$$$$$$%
beginning of
ventricular contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - (ANSWERS)-closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - (ANSWERS)-abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - (ANSWERS)-abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as
myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - (ANSWERS)-sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
Bruits - (ANSWERS)-sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent or
flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
Blood pressure - (ANSWERS)-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - (ANSWERS)-angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the
chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - (ANSWERS)-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
Lateral decubitus CXR - (ANSWERS)-patient lying on affected side
-detecting small pleural effusions
End expiratory film - (ANSWERS)-taken when patient is at end-exhalation
-detecting small pneumothorax/foreign body aspiration (FBA)
