ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A |certain |disease |is |currently |found |in |1 |of |every |10 |people |in |the |country |and |1,000 |people |
contract |the |disease |yearly. |The |population |of |the |country |is |4,500,000. |Which |of |the |
following |statements |is |correct?
a. |The |prevalence |of |the |disease |is |10% |and |the |incidence |is |.02%.
b. |The |prevalence |of |the |disease |is |.02% |and |the |incidence |is |10%.
c. |Neither |is |correct.
d. |There |is |insufficient |data |- |ANS |-A
In |relation |to |disease |development, |the |term |"etiology" |refers |to |which |of |the |following?
a.number |of |people |with |the |disease
b. |cause |of |the |disease
c. |definition |of |the |disease
d. |outcome |of |the |disease |- |ANS |-B
Which |of |the |following |is(are) |true |about |"symptoms"?
a. |objective |and |measurable
,b. |the |same |as |"signs"
c. |both |of |the |above
d. |neither |of |the |above |- |ANS |-D
In |1992, |there |were |980 |deaths |in |a |Midwestern |city |with |a |population |of |1,000,000. |At |the |
beginning |of |that |year, |900 |cases |of |AIDS |existed |in |this |population. |During |the |year, |250 |new |
cases |of |AIDS |were |diagnosed, |and |75 |people |died |of |the |disease |in |1992.
Using |the |data |given |above, |what |was |the |incidence |rate |(per |100,000 |population) |at |the |end |
of |1992 |for |AIDS?
a. |6
b. |25
c. |88
d. |116 |- |ANS |-B
What |level |of |prevention |is |a |blood |pressure |screening |program |for |high |school |students |who |
are |pregnant?
a. |primary
b. |secondary
c. |tertiary |- |ANS |-B
Mr. |Forbes |complains |of |"indigestion" |and |becomes |sweaty |and |pale. |His |wife |takes |him |to |the
|Emergency |Department |at |Northwestern |Memorial |Hospital. |A |cardiac |catheterization |2 |days |
later |shows |partial |blockage |of |his |right |coronary |artery |(RCA).
Blockage |of |the |right |coronary |artery |can |lead |to |myocardial |cell |injury |because |it |results |in |
which |of |the |following?
a. |bilirubin |accumulation |in |myocardial |cells
b. |alteration |in |the |genetic |material |of |myocardial |cells
c. |reduced |energy |production |in |myocardial |cells
,d. |activation |of |the |complement |system |- |ANS |-C
When |myocardial |cells |are |injured, |the |function |of |the |Na-K |membrane |pump |may |be |
impaired. |Which |of |the |following |may |then |result?
a.intracellular |sodium |will |increase
b. |extracellular |potassium |will |decrease
c. |cell |volume |will |decrease
d. |all |of |the |above |- |ANS |-A
Mr. |Forbes |is |being |prepared |for |open |heart |surgery |when |he |suffers |a |myocardial |infarction |in
|which |a |large |part |of |his |left |ventricle |has |suffered |lethal |cell |injury.
Mr. |Forbes' |CPK-MB |and |LDH1, |enzymes |associated |with |myocardial |cells, |are |significantly |
elevated. |What |is |the |best |explanation |for |this?
a. |It |is |a |sign |that |necrotic |myocardial |cells |have |released |their |cytoplasmic |contents |into |the |
blood.
b. |It |is |a |sign |of |reversible |fatty |accumulation |in |the |myocardial |cells |
c. |It |is |a |sign |that |the |myocardial |cells |are |undergoing |hypertrophy.
d. |None |of |the |above. |- |ANS |-A
If |a |tissue |specimen |of |myocardial |cells |were |obtained |for |examination |from |Mr. |Forbes, |which
|of |the |following |findings |would |indicate |irreversible |cell |injury?
a. |cellular |swelling
b. |decreased |ATP |production
c. |decreased |intracellular |calcium
d. |dissolution |of |nuclear |material |- |ANS |-D
The |accumulation |of |lactic |acid |that |occurs |with |impaired |energy |production |results |from |
which |of |the |following?
, a. |increased |intracellular |glucose
b. |increased |anaerobic |metabolism
c. |decreased |metabolic |rate
d. |increased |oxidative |phosphorylation |- |ANS |-B
A |mountain |climber |is |stranded |at |23,000 |feet |in |the |Swiss |Alps |and |has |lost |all |his |equipment
|and |supplies |in |an |avalanche. |Subsequently, |he |suffers |cell |injury |due |to |impaired |ATP |
production. |The |reason |for |the |decrease |in |ATP |is |which |of |the |following?
a. |enzyme |inhibition
b. |uncoupling
c. |hypoxia
d. |none |of |the |above |- |ANS |-C
An |elderly |patient |develops |an |obstruction |in |his |left |middle |cerebral |artery. |The |brain |tissue |
supplied |by |this |artery |becomes |hypoxic. |The |best |explanation |for |this |is |which |of |the |
following?
a. |the |obstruction |results |in |decreased |blood |flow
b. |the |obstruction |results |in |decreased |hemoglobin |in |the |blood
c. |while |blood |flow |stays |the |same, |the |obstruction |reduces |oxygen |content |in |the |blood
d. |none |of |the |above |explain |the |reason |for |the |hypoxia |- |ANS |-A
Increased |mobilization |and |delivery |of |free |fatty |acids |to |liver |cells |can |result |in |fat |
accumulation. |Which |of |the |following |problems |results |in |increased |mobilization |of |free |fatty |
acids?
a. |anemia
b. |hepatic |toxins
c. |starvation
d. |hypoxia |- |ANS |-C
1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A |certain |disease |is |currently |found |in |1 |of |every |10 |people |in |the |country |and |1,000 |people |
contract |the |disease |yearly. |The |population |of |the |country |is |4,500,000. |Which |of |the |
following |statements |is |correct?
a. |The |prevalence |of |the |disease |is |10% |and |the |incidence |is |.02%.
b. |The |prevalence |of |the |disease |is |.02% |and |the |incidence |is |10%.
c. |Neither |is |correct.
d. |There |is |insufficient |data |- |ANS |-A
In |relation |to |disease |development, |the |term |"etiology" |refers |to |which |of |the |following?
a.number |of |people |with |the |disease
b. |cause |of |the |disease
c. |definition |of |the |disease
d. |outcome |of |the |disease |- |ANS |-B
Which |of |the |following |is(are) |true |about |"symptoms"?
a. |objective |and |measurable
,b. |the |same |as |"signs"
c. |both |of |the |above
d. |neither |of |the |above |- |ANS |-D
In |1992, |there |were |980 |deaths |in |a |Midwestern |city |with |a |population |of |1,000,000. |At |the |
beginning |of |that |year, |900 |cases |of |AIDS |existed |in |this |population. |During |the |year, |250 |new |
cases |of |AIDS |were |diagnosed, |and |75 |people |died |of |the |disease |in |1992.
Using |the |data |given |above, |what |was |the |incidence |rate |(per |100,000 |population) |at |the |end |
of |1992 |for |AIDS?
a. |6
b. |25
c. |88
d. |116 |- |ANS |-B
What |level |of |prevention |is |a |blood |pressure |screening |program |for |high |school |students |who |
are |pregnant?
a. |primary
b. |secondary
c. |tertiary |- |ANS |-B
Mr. |Forbes |complains |of |"indigestion" |and |becomes |sweaty |and |pale. |His |wife |takes |him |to |the
|Emergency |Department |at |Northwestern |Memorial |Hospital. |A |cardiac |catheterization |2 |days |
later |shows |partial |blockage |of |his |right |coronary |artery |(RCA).
Blockage |of |the |right |coronary |artery |can |lead |to |myocardial |cell |injury |because |it |results |in |
which |of |the |following?
a. |bilirubin |accumulation |in |myocardial |cells
b. |alteration |in |the |genetic |material |of |myocardial |cells
c. |reduced |energy |production |in |myocardial |cells
,d. |activation |of |the |complement |system |- |ANS |-C
When |myocardial |cells |are |injured, |the |function |of |the |Na-K |membrane |pump |may |be |
impaired. |Which |of |the |following |may |then |result?
a.intracellular |sodium |will |increase
b. |extracellular |potassium |will |decrease
c. |cell |volume |will |decrease
d. |all |of |the |above |- |ANS |-A
Mr. |Forbes |is |being |prepared |for |open |heart |surgery |when |he |suffers |a |myocardial |infarction |in
|which |a |large |part |of |his |left |ventricle |has |suffered |lethal |cell |injury.
Mr. |Forbes' |CPK-MB |and |LDH1, |enzymes |associated |with |myocardial |cells, |are |significantly |
elevated. |What |is |the |best |explanation |for |this?
a. |It |is |a |sign |that |necrotic |myocardial |cells |have |released |their |cytoplasmic |contents |into |the |
blood.
b. |It |is |a |sign |of |reversible |fatty |accumulation |in |the |myocardial |cells |
c. |It |is |a |sign |that |the |myocardial |cells |are |undergoing |hypertrophy.
d. |None |of |the |above. |- |ANS |-A
If |a |tissue |specimen |of |myocardial |cells |were |obtained |for |examination |from |Mr. |Forbes, |which
|of |the |following |findings |would |indicate |irreversible |cell |injury?
a. |cellular |swelling
b. |decreased |ATP |production
c. |decreased |intracellular |calcium
d. |dissolution |of |nuclear |material |- |ANS |-D
The |accumulation |of |lactic |acid |that |occurs |with |impaired |energy |production |results |from |
which |of |the |following?
, a. |increased |intracellular |glucose
b. |increased |anaerobic |metabolism
c. |decreased |metabolic |rate
d. |increased |oxidative |phosphorylation |- |ANS |-B
A |mountain |climber |is |stranded |at |23,000 |feet |in |the |Swiss |Alps |and |has |lost |all |his |equipment
|and |supplies |in |an |avalanche. |Subsequently, |he |suffers |cell |injury |due |to |impaired |ATP |
production. |The |reason |for |the |decrease |in |ATP |is |which |of |the |following?
a. |enzyme |inhibition
b. |uncoupling
c. |hypoxia
d. |none |of |the |above |- |ANS |-C
An |elderly |patient |develops |an |obstruction |in |his |left |middle |cerebral |artery. |The |brain |tissue |
supplied |by |this |artery |becomes |hypoxic. |The |best |explanation |for |this |is |which |of |the |
following?
a. |the |obstruction |results |in |decreased |blood |flow
b. |the |obstruction |results |in |decreased |hemoglobin |in |the |blood
c. |while |blood |flow |stays |the |same, |the |obstruction |reduces |oxygen |content |in |the |blood
d. |none |of |the |above |explain |the |reason |for |the |hypoxia |- |ANS |-A
Increased |mobilization |and |delivery |of |free |fatty |acids |to |liver |cells |can |result |in |fat |
accumulation. |Which |of |the |following |problems |results |in |increased |mobilization |of |free |fatty |
acids?
a. |anemia
b. |hepatic |toxins
c. |starvation
d. |hypoxia |- |ANS |-C
