PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
LATEST EDITION
What |is |allergic |asthma |associated |with? |- |ANS |-Type |1 |Hypersensitivity; |IgE |mediated
What |are |the |S&S |of |ARDS? |- |ANS |-SOB, |Shallow |Rapid |Breathing, |Atelectasis |(aveoli |close), |
Dyspnea, |Inspiratory |Crackles, |Respiratory |Alkalosis, |Decreased |Lung |Compliance, |Hypoxemia
What |are |the |S&S |of |tension |pneumothorax? |- |ANS |-Pressure |that |builds |up |and |pushes |the |
trachea |towards |the |unaffected |side; |Absent |breath |sounds |over |affected |lung
What |is |cystic |fibrosis? |- |ANS |-Excessive |mucous |coating |in |the |lungs |and |pancreas; |Genetic |
Disorder |(Autosomal |Recessive)
Changes |with |an |asthma |attack: |- |ANS |-Wheezing, |SOB, |Bronchoconstriction, |Dyspnea, |
Tachypnea |(rapid |breathing)
How |do |you |interpret |ABG's? |- |ANS |-1. |Look |at |pH |(acidosis |- |low |or |alkalosis |- |high)
2. |Check |the |CO2 |(resp. |indicator) |- |less |than |35 |(alkalosis) |more |than |45 |(acidosis)
3. |Check |the |HCO3 |(metabolic |indicator) |- |less |than |22 |(acidosis) |more |than |26 |(alkalosis)
4. |Determine |primary |disorder |(matches |the |pH)
5. |Determine |if |its |compensated |(pH |returns |to |normal |or |near |normal)
, Respiratory |Acidosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/CO2? |- |ANS |-Elevation |(increase) |of |pCO2 |-- |
Decreased |pH |(acidosis)
Respiratory |Alkalosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/CO2? |- |ANS |-Depression |(decrease) |of |pCO2 |-- |
Increased |pH |(alkalosis)
Metabolic |Acidosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/HCO3? |- |ANS |-Depression |(decrease) |of |HCO3 |-- |
Decreased |pH |(acidosis)
Metabolic |Alkalosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/HCO3? |- |ANS |-Elevation |(increase) |of |HCO3 |-- |
Increased |pH |(alkalosis)
What |are |signs |of |renal |cancer? |- |ANS |-No |pain! |Hematuria |(Blood |in |the |Urine)
How |do |you |manage |end |stage |renal |disease? |- |ANS |-Dialysis, |Fluid |Restriction, |Low |Protein |
Diet, |Decrease |Medication |Doses, |Anti-hypertensive, |Give |Ca |Supplements, |Give |
Erythropoietin |Shot, |Give |Iron |Supplements/Blood |Transfusion |(anemic)
What |do |you |call |kidney |pain? |- |ANS |-Nephralgia
What |is |the |most |helpful |test |to |determine |renal |function? |- |ANS |-Creatinine
What |bacteria |is |associated |with |acute |pyelonephritis? |- |ANS |-E. |coli
What |is |the |treatment |for |pre-renal |kidney |failure? |- |ANS |-Hypovolemia |- |Give |Fluids
What |causes |acute |intrarenal |failure? |- |ANS |-Kidney |Stones |(renal |calculi), |Renal |Ischemia
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
LATEST EDITION
What |is |allergic |asthma |associated |with? |- |ANS |-Type |1 |Hypersensitivity; |IgE |mediated
What |are |the |S&S |of |ARDS? |- |ANS |-SOB, |Shallow |Rapid |Breathing, |Atelectasis |(aveoli |close), |
Dyspnea, |Inspiratory |Crackles, |Respiratory |Alkalosis, |Decreased |Lung |Compliance, |Hypoxemia
What |are |the |S&S |of |tension |pneumothorax? |- |ANS |-Pressure |that |builds |up |and |pushes |the |
trachea |towards |the |unaffected |side; |Absent |breath |sounds |over |affected |lung
What |is |cystic |fibrosis? |- |ANS |-Excessive |mucous |coating |in |the |lungs |and |pancreas; |Genetic |
Disorder |(Autosomal |Recessive)
Changes |with |an |asthma |attack: |- |ANS |-Wheezing, |SOB, |Bronchoconstriction, |Dyspnea, |
Tachypnea |(rapid |breathing)
How |do |you |interpret |ABG's? |- |ANS |-1. |Look |at |pH |(acidosis |- |low |or |alkalosis |- |high)
2. |Check |the |CO2 |(resp. |indicator) |- |less |than |35 |(alkalosis) |more |than |45 |(acidosis)
3. |Check |the |HCO3 |(metabolic |indicator) |- |less |than |22 |(acidosis) |more |than |26 |(alkalosis)
4. |Determine |primary |disorder |(matches |the |pH)
5. |Determine |if |its |compensated |(pH |returns |to |normal |or |near |normal)
, Respiratory |Acidosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/CO2? |- |ANS |-Elevation |(increase) |of |pCO2 |-- |
Decreased |pH |(acidosis)
Respiratory |Alkalosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/CO2? |- |ANS |-Depression |(decrease) |of |pCO2 |-- |
Increased |pH |(alkalosis)
Metabolic |Acidosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/HCO3? |- |ANS |-Depression |(decrease) |of |HCO3 |-- |
Decreased |pH |(acidosis)
Metabolic |Alkalosis: |What |happens |to |the |pH/HCO3? |- |ANS |-Elevation |(increase) |of |HCO3 |-- |
Increased |pH |(alkalosis)
What |are |signs |of |renal |cancer? |- |ANS |-No |pain! |Hematuria |(Blood |in |the |Urine)
How |do |you |manage |end |stage |renal |disease? |- |ANS |-Dialysis, |Fluid |Restriction, |Low |Protein |
Diet, |Decrease |Medication |Doses, |Anti-hypertensive, |Give |Ca |Supplements, |Give |
Erythropoietin |Shot, |Give |Iron |Supplements/Blood |Transfusion |(anemic)
What |do |you |call |kidney |pain? |- |ANS |-Nephralgia
What |is |the |most |helpful |test |to |determine |renal |function? |- |ANS |-Creatinine
What |bacteria |is |associated |with |acute |pyelonephritis? |- |ANS |-E. |coli
What |is |the |treatment |for |pre-renal |kidney |failure? |- |ANS |-Hypovolemia |- |Give |Fluids
What |causes |acute |intrarenal |failure? |- |ANS |-Kidney |Stones |(renal |calculi), |Renal |Ischemia
