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What is Synthetic Phonics? - ANSWER-Part to whole or bottom-
up approach that starts with small units (letters), and uses
them to construct larger units (words). Once letter sounds are
learned they are blended or synthesized, into words for
reading. Synthetic phonics is typical of Orrin-Gillingham
approach.
What is Analytic Phonics? - ANSWER-Is whole-to-part approach
which children are taught to read words by sight. Can involve
discovery learning in which children are provided words and
decide a common pattern. Analytic phonics can be incidental or
systematic.
Articulatory gestures - ANSWER-A movement of a speech
organ in the production of speech, for example, the movement
of the velum for the production of a nasal consonant.
,What is the rationale for teaching pragmatics through the use
of oral language to prepare students to comprehend text? -
ANSWER-Teaching pragmatics through oral language may
positively impact a student's understanding of implied meaning
in written language.
If one has difficulty understanding implied meaning in
conversation given physical cues, he will have even more
difficulty with this in written form with no such cues
Two types of language - ANSWER-receptive and expressive
"when determining whether a child has a specific learning
disability ... a local educational agency shall not be required to
take into consideration whether a child has a severe
discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability" ... a
school "may use a process that determines if the child
responds to scientific, research-based intervention as part of
the evaluation procedures ...
Four general types of assessment - ANSWER-1. Universal
screening
2. Progress monitoring
3. Outcomes testing
4. In-depth diagnostic testing
, Norm-Referenced Test - ANSWER-Being compared to peers
that are the same age or grade level and these are standardized
test. Examples: ACT, ISAT, SAT, percentile ranks, etc.
Universal Screening - ANSWER-Testing all students to identify
those in need of assistance or more intensive instruction.
Content of test varies depending on grade and subject being
tested.
Progress Monitoring - ANSWER-Given repeatedly throughout
the year to ensure that adequate progress and growth is
achieved.
Outcome evaluation - ANSWER-evaluation that focuses on
overall achievement and usually occurs at the end of the year.
These kinds of tests are usually norm-referenced, standardized
assessments and allows for children to be compared other
students of the same age or grade.
Diagnostic Tests - ANSWER-In-depth evaluation of a specific
area of learning; such as reading. Usually includes an
extensive battery of tests that is individually administered.
Often occurs after a trial period of interventions are not
successful. Administered by highly trained professionals only.
Results are often compared by a team of specialists.