Test Bank For Gray-s Anatomy for Students 4th Edition By Richard L. Drake; A. Wayne Vogl 2

Anatomyfornursingstudents




2022-2023

,BY:ASSIS.PROF/SALWA MOHAMMED OUIES
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Material




Inthis Anatomical Position
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 Thebodyisassumedtobestanding,
 Head,eyes,andtoesdirectedanteriorly(forward).
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 Upperlimbsbythesideswith thepalmsfacinganteriorly. f


 Lowerlimbsclosetogetherwiththe feetparallelandthetoesdirectedanteriorly. f




ANATOMICALTERMS

 Anterior (frontal)►Towardsthefront.
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 Posterior (Dorsal)►Towardstheback.bb b




 Superior ►Towardsthehead. bb




 Inferior ►Towardsthefeet.
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 Proximal ►closertothe root. The elbowisproximaltothewristontheupperextremity.
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 Distal ►awayfromtheroot. The elbowisdistaltotheshoulderjoint on theupperextremit
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y.
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 Median ►A pointorareaonthemidsagittalplane(medianplane).
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 Medial ►A pointorareathat is closertothemidsagittalplanethananother.
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 Lateral ►A pointorareathatismoredistant fromthemid-
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sagittal ormedianplane. Forexampletheoutersideoftheelbowislateralwhencompared
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with,theinnerside.
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Material




…………………………………………………………………….

Skin
Skinisthe outside coveringofbodytissue, accountsfor 12%% ofbodyweight.
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Skinperformsthe followingfunctions: f




1. Protection forthebodyfromenvironmentaleffects.
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2. Sensation: containsavarietyofnerveendingsthatjumptoheatandcold, touch, pre
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bssure,vibration,andtissueinjury;
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3. Heatregulation throughsweatglands, bloodvessels, andfat.
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4. Storage : actsasastoragecenterforlipidsandwater
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5. Absorption:Oxygen, nitrogenandcarbondioxidecandiffuseintotheepidermisin
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smallamounts,
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Theskinconsistsofa superficial cellular layer, the epidermis, whichcreatesatoughprote
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ctiveoutersurface, andabasal (deep) layer, the dermis.
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