Straighterline CHEM101 Final
Mass Number ANS: total number of neutrons and protons in an atom; # protons + # electrons
p ANS: Most nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic table?
Positive matter is concentrated in the central core ANS: Ernest Rutherford disproved J.J. Thomson's
plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that...
Potassium ANS: Plants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal, preventing most of it from being
washed out to sea?
2:1:1:2 ANS: What is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical equation?
__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O
the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon-12
1 g = 6.022 × 1023 amu ANS: What is Avogadro's number?
Mg ANS: What is the reducing agent in the following equation?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(s) < (l) < (g) ANS: Which arrangement accurately describes the standard entropy values at different
phases?
2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons ANS: What are the most stable isotopes?
,S = oxidized
N = reduced ANS: What element has been oxidized and what element has been reduced?
3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O
multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles ANS: How do you convert from moles to
grams?
Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole ANS: How do you convert from
grams to moles?
Mass ANS: measure of the amount of matter
Compound ANS: made from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded; cannot be separated into
simpler substances by any physical process; can be separated by a chemical reaction
Solid ANS: Definite shape and volume
Doesn't conform to shape of container
Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion
Liquid ANS: Definite volume, indefinite shape
Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills
Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each other
Gas ANS: No definite shape or volume
Conforms to shape and volume of container
,Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles
Physical Property ANS: Color, melting point, boiling point
Observed and measured without changing identity of substance
Chemical Property ANS: Observed by performing a chemical change
Mixture ANS: Combination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and properties
Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity of compounds
Pure Substance ANS: fixed composition and differs from a mixture (every sample has same properties
and composition)
Polyatomic Ion ANS: molecule with a charge
contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together
ions ANS: atoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron
Cation ANS: positive ion, may have roman numeral
Anion ANS: negative ion, element ends in -ide
isotope ANS: atom of an element that has a different mass because of a different number of neutrons,
but same atomic number
Atomic Number ANS: total number of protons in an atom; also indicates number of electrons
, Catalyst ANS: additional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a lower activation energy
Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst ANS: What 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction?
exothermic reaction ANS: A reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of heat
endothermic reaction ANS: A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
6.022 x 10^23 particles ANS: How many particles/atoms/molecules are in a mole?
Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid ANS: Surface area impacts rate of reaction how?
increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy & proper
orientation ANS: Concentration impacts rate of reaction how?
Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions ANS: Temperature
impacts rate of reaction how?
Boyle's Law ANS: pressure increases, volume decreases
pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2
Charles' Law ANS: Volume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure remains the same
Mass Number ANS: total number of neutrons and protons in an atom; # protons + # electrons
p ANS: Most nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic table?
Positive matter is concentrated in the central core ANS: Ernest Rutherford disproved J.J. Thomson's
plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that...
Potassium ANS: Plants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal, preventing most of it from being
washed out to sea?
2:1:1:2 ANS: What is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical equation?
__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O
the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon-12
1 g = 6.022 × 1023 amu ANS: What is Avogadro's number?
Mg ANS: What is the reducing agent in the following equation?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(s) < (l) < (g) ANS: Which arrangement accurately describes the standard entropy values at different
phases?
2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons ANS: What are the most stable isotopes?
,S = oxidized
N = reduced ANS: What element has been oxidized and what element has been reduced?
3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O
multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles ANS: How do you convert from moles to
grams?
Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole ANS: How do you convert from
grams to moles?
Mass ANS: measure of the amount of matter
Compound ANS: made from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded; cannot be separated into
simpler substances by any physical process; can be separated by a chemical reaction
Solid ANS: Definite shape and volume
Doesn't conform to shape of container
Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion
Liquid ANS: Definite volume, indefinite shape
Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills
Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each other
Gas ANS: No definite shape or volume
Conforms to shape and volume of container
,Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles
Physical Property ANS: Color, melting point, boiling point
Observed and measured without changing identity of substance
Chemical Property ANS: Observed by performing a chemical change
Mixture ANS: Combination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and properties
Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity of compounds
Pure Substance ANS: fixed composition and differs from a mixture (every sample has same properties
and composition)
Polyatomic Ion ANS: molecule with a charge
contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together
ions ANS: atoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron
Cation ANS: positive ion, may have roman numeral
Anion ANS: negative ion, element ends in -ide
isotope ANS: atom of an element that has a different mass because of a different number of neutrons,
but same atomic number
Atomic Number ANS: total number of protons in an atom; also indicates number of electrons
, Catalyst ANS: additional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a lower activation energy
Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst ANS: What 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction?
exothermic reaction ANS: A reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of heat
endothermic reaction ANS: A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
6.022 x 10^23 particles ANS: How many particles/atoms/molecules are in a mole?
Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid ANS: Surface area impacts rate of reaction how?
increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy & proper
orientation ANS: Concentration impacts rate of reaction how?
Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions ANS: Temperature
impacts rate of reaction how?
Boyle's Law ANS: pressure increases, volume decreases
pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2
Charles' Law ANS: Volume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure remains the same
