NUSC 1645 Exam #2 with verified
answers already passed
endosperm - correct answer ✔✔largest portion of grain kernel; contains starch and protein,
some vitamins and minerals
bran - correct answer ✔✔outermost layer of grain kernel; concentrated source of fiber,
vitamins, minerals (very nutritious)
germ - correct answer ✔✔kernel base; embryo where sprouting takes place; source of veggie
oils and vitamin E
refining process - correct answer ✔✔process that removes bran layer and germ
white flour - correct answer ✔✔endosperm (fivers, some minerals and vitamins,
phytochemicals, are lost)-- not very nutritious
enrichment/fortification - correct answer ✔✔nutrients added back that have been lost during
processing; nutrients are not from natural food sources so they have a low absorption rate (low
bioavailability)
buckwheat, millet, quinoa, surghum - correct answer ✔✔most common whole grain ingredients
clean label - correct answer ✔✔ingredients label with very short list of ingredients
increased whole grain and fiber intake, lower intake of meat - correct answer ✔✔dietary
benefits of popcorn
,gluten - correct answer ✔✔matrix formed by proteins glutanin and gliadin
sources of gluten - correct answer ✔✔barley- food coloring, soups, beer, Brewer's year, malt
rye- cereals, Rye beer, pumpernickel, rye bread
wheat- breads, baked goods, soups, pastas & sauces, cereals, Roux
females 18-24 years old - correct answer ✔✔highest consumers of gluten free diets
-people can't tolerate wheat and gluten
-many ppl have allergies and intolerances
-going GF will cure modern day illnesses - correct answer ✔✔misleading claims to go GF
digestive health (40%), nutritional value, weight loss - correct answer ✔✔top 3 reasons
reported for why GF
constipation - correct answer ✔✔decrease in bowel mvmts and increased pressure during
defecation
--fibers add bulk and absorb water, making feces larger and softer
diarrhea - correct answer ✔✔increase in frequency of bowel mvmts and/or increase in water
content of stools
-soluble fibers help thicken stool consistency
diverticulosis - correct answer ✔✔abnormal presence of outpockets or pouches located on the
small intestine or colon surface
--treated and prevented by high-fiber diet
, colon cancer - correct answer ✔✔causes: genetics, environmental exposure, and dietary
behaviors
--fiber decreases contact btwn fecal contents and cells in the colon
probiotics - correct answer ✔✔live bacteria that live in the colon (yogurt and tablets); live
microorganisms that confer a health benefit on a host when administered in adequate amounts
(microbes/bacteria)
prebiotics - correct answer ✔✔food supply for bacteria to stimulate growth and activity; passes
undigested into the colon (bananas, onions, garlic, artichokes, fibers); selectively fermented
ingredients that result in specific changes in composition and/or activity of the gut microbiota,
thus conferring benefits upon host heath
fat, sugar, sodium, calories - correct answer ✔✔nutrients higher in GF diet
fiber, B vitamins, folate, iron, prebiotics - correct answer ✔✔nutrients lower in GF diet
Celiac Disease, Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, wheat allergy (not healthy population) - correct
answer ✔✔ppl who benefit from GF diet
Celiac Disease - correct answer ✔✔-gluten sensitive enteropathy/non-tropical sprue
-GI problem that is triggered by gluten
-flattening of villi that would normally secrete enzymes to digest gluten
-affects digestion in small intestine
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity - correct answer ✔✔-gluten reaction without any identified
allergic or autoimmune mechanisms like intestinal damage
-distress when eating gluten within a few hours or days after exposure (cramps, diarrhea)
answers already passed
endosperm - correct answer ✔✔largest portion of grain kernel; contains starch and protein,
some vitamins and minerals
bran - correct answer ✔✔outermost layer of grain kernel; concentrated source of fiber,
vitamins, minerals (very nutritious)
germ - correct answer ✔✔kernel base; embryo where sprouting takes place; source of veggie
oils and vitamin E
refining process - correct answer ✔✔process that removes bran layer and germ
white flour - correct answer ✔✔endosperm (fivers, some minerals and vitamins,
phytochemicals, are lost)-- not very nutritious
enrichment/fortification - correct answer ✔✔nutrients added back that have been lost during
processing; nutrients are not from natural food sources so they have a low absorption rate (low
bioavailability)
buckwheat, millet, quinoa, surghum - correct answer ✔✔most common whole grain ingredients
clean label - correct answer ✔✔ingredients label with very short list of ingredients
increased whole grain and fiber intake, lower intake of meat - correct answer ✔✔dietary
benefits of popcorn
,gluten - correct answer ✔✔matrix formed by proteins glutanin and gliadin
sources of gluten - correct answer ✔✔barley- food coloring, soups, beer, Brewer's year, malt
rye- cereals, Rye beer, pumpernickel, rye bread
wheat- breads, baked goods, soups, pastas & sauces, cereals, Roux
females 18-24 years old - correct answer ✔✔highest consumers of gluten free diets
-people can't tolerate wheat and gluten
-many ppl have allergies and intolerances
-going GF will cure modern day illnesses - correct answer ✔✔misleading claims to go GF
digestive health (40%), nutritional value, weight loss - correct answer ✔✔top 3 reasons
reported for why GF
constipation - correct answer ✔✔decrease in bowel mvmts and increased pressure during
defecation
--fibers add bulk and absorb water, making feces larger and softer
diarrhea - correct answer ✔✔increase in frequency of bowel mvmts and/or increase in water
content of stools
-soluble fibers help thicken stool consistency
diverticulosis - correct answer ✔✔abnormal presence of outpockets or pouches located on the
small intestine or colon surface
--treated and prevented by high-fiber diet
, colon cancer - correct answer ✔✔causes: genetics, environmental exposure, and dietary
behaviors
--fiber decreases contact btwn fecal contents and cells in the colon
probiotics - correct answer ✔✔live bacteria that live in the colon (yogurt and tablets); live
microorganisms that confer a health benefit on a host when administered in adequate amounts
(microbes/bacteria)
prebiotics - correct answer ✔✔food supply for bacteria to stimulate growth and activity; passes
undigested into the colon (bananas, onions, garlic, artichokes, fibers); selectively fermented
ingredients that result in specific changes in composition and/or activity of the gut microbiota,
thus conferring benefits upon host heath
fat, sugar, sodium, calories - correct answer ✔✔nutrients higher in GF diet
fiber, B vitamins, folate, iron, prebiotics - correct answer ✔✔nutrients lower in GF diet
Celiac Disease, Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, wheat allergy (not healthy population) - correct
answer ✔✔ppl who benefit from GF diet
Celiac Disease - correct answer ✔✔-gluten sensitive enteropathy/non-tropical sprue
-GI problem that is triggered by gluten
-flattening of villi that would normally secrete enzymes to digest gluten
-affects digestion in small intestine
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity - correct answer ✔✔-gluten reaction without any identified
allergic or autoimmune mechanisms like intestinal damage
-distress when eating gluten within a few hours or days after exposure (cramps, diarrhea)
