ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT & CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
Inhoudsopgave
Chapter 1: What is OD?.................................................................................................................................. 4
What is an organisation?......................................................................................................................................4
Differences between CM and OD..........................................................................................................................4
Discussion in class.............................................................................................................................................4
Definitions of OD...................................................................................................................................................5
OD is about (Important slide)................................................................................................................................5
OD example: Vodafone.........................................................................................................................................6
Where does OD come from?.................................................................................................................................6
Why should I care?................................................................................................................................................7
Catch of the day....................................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2: Theories of planned change.......................................................................................................... 8
Theories/ change models......................................................................................................................................8
Lewin’s change model.......................................................................................................................................8
Kotter’s 8 step model........................................................................................................................................8
Action research model......................................................................................................................................8
Positive model.................................................................................................................................................10
Dialogic OD model...........................................................................................................................................11
General model of planned change......................................................................................................................12
Critiques on the theory...................................................................................................................................12
Example case discussion – case study uk council................................................................................................13
Chapter 3: Diagnosing with the Open Systems Framework...........................................................................14
Diagnosing..........................................................................................................................................................14
why?................................................................................................................................................................14
Where to start looking?..................................................................................................................................14
Open System Thinking.........................................................................................................................................14
Obesity intervention example.........................................................................................................................14
System thinking about the organization.........................................................................................................14
How all (sub)systems work..............................................................................................................................15
Importance of open systems thinking: An example............................................................................................16
Example of misalignment: customer service call center employees..............................................................16
1
, Importance of open systems thinking for diagnosis.......................................................................................16
Diagnosis: using the open systems framework...................................................................................................16
Organizational level p.88.................................................................................................................................16
Group level p.97..............................................................................................................................................17
Individual level p.101......................................................................................................................................18
Application of diagnostic framework..................................................................................................................19
Vodafone case.................................................................................................................................................19
Diagnosis in practice...........................................................................................................................................20
Definition of OD...................................................................................................................................................21
Catch of the day..................................................................................................................................................21
Chapter 4: Interventions.............................................................................................................................. 22
Interventions: general introduction....................................................................................................................22
Intervention in organizations..............................................................................................................................22
4 types of intervention (Important)................................................................................................................23
3 levels.............................................................................................................................................................25
Off the shelf versus customized......................................................................................................................25
Single event versus series of events................................................................................................................25
4 features of effective interventions...............................................................................................................26
Diagnosis: case study..........................................................................................................................................26
Context............................................................................................................................................................26
What elements do we have information on here?.........................................................................................27
chapter 8: Managing change........................................................................................................................ 30
The innovator’s dilemma....................................................................................................................................30
Motivate change p.161.......................................................................................................................................31
Create readiness for change...........................................................................................................................31
Resistance to change.......................................................................................................................................31
Create a vision p.165...........................................................................................................................................35
Core ideology...................................................................................................................................................36
Envisioned future............................................................................................................................................37
Develop political support p.169..........................................................................................................................37
Manage the transition p.173..............................................................................................................................38
Sustain momentum p.177...................................................................................................................................38
Important reflection end of the class..................................................................................................................38
1/ focus on change, focus on not changing....................................................................................................38
2/ 70% fail… really?.........................................................................................................................................39
Chapter 9: Does OD work? Evaluating change!............................................................................................. 40
Evaluation: why?.................................................................................................................................................40
Evaluation: what?...............................................................................................................................................40
2
, Evaluation process...........................................................................................................................................40
Case: implementation evaluation.......................................................................................................................43
Team-based management intervention.........................................................................................................43
OD team did interviews with CEO and executive VP......................................................................................43
Measurement......................................................................................................................................................45
Outcome and measure....................................................................................................................................45
What is a good measure?................................................................................................................................46
How do we know if a measurement is valid?.................................................................................................46
Exercise on evaluation outcome: vrt...............................................................................................................47
Step 4: Institutionalize p.196...........................................................................................................................48
Catch of the day..............................................................................................................................................48
Guest lecture: protime................................................................................................................................. 48
3
, CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS OD?
WHAT IS AN ORGANISATION?
70 years ago: stable jobs, stable industries, stable environment
Low-skilled, manufacturing work
Today: change
o Globalization
o Crisis
o Workforces change: development of the grey population
o Trying to find talent for your organization
o Diversity
o War for Talent: difficult to find the right talent
o Work-life balance
Output:
What do organization need to do to manage this change?
o Organizations need to change! non-stop changes
Is OD change management?
Yes and No: “All OD involves change management, but change management may not involve OD”
o Change management is de bigger term and OD is just one element
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CM AND OD
DISCUSSION IN CLASS
CHANGE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
Obvious for the outside world
Less focus on employees, more focus on the How employees need to deal with change
organization (the goal)
Short-term: you know when it ends Long-term: you never know when it ends
Top-down: Bottom-up: employees are a crucial part of change
Fixed: you plan your change and then these steps Adaptive
need to be followed
4
MANAGEMENT
Inhoudsopgave
Chapter 1: What is OD?.................................................................................................................................. 4
What is an organisation?......................................................................................................................................4
Differences between CM and OD..........................................................................................................................4
Discussion in class.............................................................................................................................................4
Definitions of OD...................................................................................................................................................5
OD is about (Important slide)................................................................................................................................5
OD example: Vodafone.........................................................................................................................................6
Where does OD come from?.................................................................................................................................6
Why should I care?................................................................................................................................................7
Catch of the day....................................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2: Theories of planned change.......................................................................................................... 8
Theories/ change models......................................................................................................................................8
Lewin’s change model.......................................................................................................................................8
Kotter’s 8 step model........................................................................................................................................8
Action research model......................................................................................................................................8
Positive model.................................................................................................................................................10
Dialogic OD model...........................................................................................................................................11
General model of planned change......................................................................................................................12
Critiques on the theory...................................................................................................................................12
Example case discussion – case study uk council................................................................................................13
Chapter 3: Diagnosing with the Open Systems Framework...........................................................................14
Diagnosing..........................................................................................................................................................14
why?................................................................................................................................................................14
Where to start looking?..................................................................................................................................14
Open System Thinking.........................................................................................................................................14
Obesity intervention example.........................................................................................................................14
System thinking about the organization.........................................................................................................14
How all (sub)systems work..............................................................................................................................15
Importance of open systems thinking: An example............................................................................................16
Example of misalignment: customer service call center employees..............................................................16
1
, Importance of open systems thinking for diagnosis.......................................................................................16
Diagnosis: using the open systems framework...................................................................................................16
Organizational level p.88.................................................................................................................................16
Group level p.97..............................................................................................................................................17
Individual level p.101......................................................................................................................................18
Application of diagnostic framework..................................................................................................................19
Vodafone case.................................................................................................................................................19
Diagnosis in practice...........................................................................................................................................20
Definition of OD...................................................................................................................................................21
Catch of the day..................................................................................................................................................21
Chapter 4: Interventions.............................................................................................................................. 22
Interventions: general introduction....................................................................................................................22
Intervention in organizations..............................................................................................................................22
4 types of intervention (Important)................................................................................................................23
3 levels.............................................................................................................................................................25
Off the shelf versus customized......................................................................................................................25
Single event versus series of events................................................................................................................25
4 features of effective interventions...............................................................................................................26
Diagnosis: case study..........................................................................................................................................26
Context............................................................................................................................................................26
What elements do we have information on here?.........................................................................................27
chapter 8: Managing change........................................................................................................................ 30
The innovator’s dilemma....................................................................................................................................30
Motivate change p.161.......................................................................................................................................31
Create readiness for change...........................................................................................................................31
Resistance to change.......................................................................................................................................31
Create a vision p.165...........................................................................................................................................35
Core ideology...................................................................................................................................................36
Envisioned future............................................................................................................................................37
Develop political support p.169..........................................................................................................................37
Manage the transition p.173..............................................................................................................................38
Sustain momentum p.177...................................................................................................................................38
Important reflection end of the class..................................................................................................................38
1/ focus on change, focus on not changing....................................................................................................38
2/ 70% fail… really?.........................................................................................................................................39
Chapter 9: Does OD work? Evaluating change!............................................................................................. 40
Evaluation: why?.................................................................................................................................................40
Evaluation: what?...............................................................................................................................................40
2
, Evaluation process...........................................................................................................................................40
Case: implementation evaluation.......................................................................................................................43
Team-based management intervention.........................................................................................................43
OD team did interviews with CEO and executive VP......................................................................................43
Measurement......................................................................................................................................................45
Outcome and measure....................................................................................................................................45
What is a good measure?................................................................................................................................46
How do we know if a measurement is valid?.................................................................................................46
Exercise on evaluation outcome: vrt...............................................................................................................47
Step 4: Institutionalize p.196...........................................................................................................................48
Catch of the day..............................................................................................................................................48
Guest lecture: protime................................................................................................................................. 48
3
, CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS OD?
WHAT IS AN ORGANISATION?
70 years ago: stable jobs, stable industries, stable environment
Low-skilled, manufacturing work
Today: change
o Globalization
o Crisis
o Workforces change: development of the grey population
o Trying to find talent for your organization
o Diversity
o War for Talent: difficult to find the right talent
o Work-life balance
Output:
What do organization need to do to manage this change?
o Organizations need to change! non-stop changes
Is OD change management?
Yes and No: “All OD involves change management, but change management may not involve OD”
o Change management is de bigger term and OD is just one element
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CM AND OD
DISCUSSION IN CLASS
CHANGE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
Obvious for the outside world
Less focus on employees, more focus on the How employees need to deal with change
organization (the goal)
Short-term: you know when it ends Long-term: you never know when it ends
Top-down: Bottom-up: employees are a crucial part of change
Fixed: you plan your change and then these steps Adaptive
need to be followed
4
