Veterinary Pharmacology final Exam Review
(Questions with 100% Correct Answers) RATED A+.
/. T or F: Diazepam (a benzodiazepine e.g. Valium®) is an example of a drug that
should be given IV since in other routes it can cause tissue irritation and pain. - Answer-
true; can be given IM or SQ, but both will cause pain to the patient
/.Xylazine HCL and dexmetdetomidine are examples of drugs from the category alpha-2
agonists. Which of the following is a characteristic of this category of drug?
a. they often result in dramatic bradycardia and hypotension
b. during emergence from sedation the patient often has tremors and head bobbing
c. they are strongly fat soluble drugs so the effect in an obese patient will take longer to
occur
d. care must be given when dosing as there is no reversal agent
/.The most common side effect of a drug that are used to promote vasodilation is
______________. - Answer-hypotension
/.The most important difference between parasympatholytic drugs (e.g. atropine) and
catecholamines (e.g. epinephrine) as treatment for heart problems, is which of the
following?
a. catecholamines are more commonly used for anaphylactic reactions
b. parasympatholytics are a first choice for resuscitation
c. parasympatholytics slow heart rate while catecholamines increase heart rate
d. parasympatholytics have a side effect of tachycardia while catecholamines have
really no side effects or precautions
/.All of the following antiarrhythmic drugs are used to slow the heart rate and make the
contractions more effective with the exception of one class of drug. Which class of drug
is most commonly used to stop premature ventricular contractions (often associated
with bloat)?
a. Class I (lidocaine, procainamide)
b. Class III (bretylium)
c. none of the answers are used for premature ventricular contractions
d. Class II (beta blockers)
e. Class IV (calcium channel blockers)
/.Antithombolic medications like aspirin and heparin work by:
a. breaking up clots so that cannot lodge in blood vessels
b. preventing blood clot formation within blood vessels
c. flushing blood clots into the general circulation where they are more readily dissolved
d. causing the blood to clot more quickly when there is a wound
, /.Which of the following relate to the cardiac glycoside (digoxin/digitalis)?
a. digoxin is used to speed up a slow heart rate
b. serum levels must routinely be monitored to check for toxicity
c. digoxin is the preferred drug over a calcium sensitizer due to the fact that it is so well
tolerated
d. digoxin is helpful for patients with heart murmurs
/.A small dog is brought in to a clinic with the complaint of having two seizures in one
day. The dog is also depressed and vomiting. The veterinarian is concerned that the
dog has been exposed to a toxin or poison. Which of the following anti-convulsant drugs
would be used at the veterinary clinic should the dog have another seizure (i.e. what
would be used if the dog is seizuring)?
a. phenobarbital
b. any of the answers would be correct as they all work to stop a seizure while it is
occurring
c. clomipramine
d. diazepam
e. potassium bromide
/.Butorphanol, an opiod drug, is frequently used with sedatives to decrease pain during
diagnostic procedures. What is also true about opiods as pain medications? - Answer-
they are the strongest analgesic medications
/.The veterinarian orders that 8% thiamylal sodium solution be prepared. On hand is 5
000 miligrams of thiamylal powder and sterile water. How much water must be added to
the 5 milligrams of powder to make an 8% solution? - Answer-63 mL
/.A dehydrated dog with a high temperature and a non-productive cough is admitted to
the clinic where you work. The veterinarian feels that the type of cough will change once
the dog is rehydrated so IV fluids are set up. Sure enough after 2 hours of IV fluids the
dog's cough sounds moist and phlegm is noted. The correct reason for this change is:
a. it is common for coughs to switch back and forth between productive and non-
productive
b. the fluids added electrolytes to the system which caused water to enter the lung
fields/airway
c. the muscle tone for coughing up the phlegm is now stronger
d. none of the answers are correct
e. the fluids helped to loosen and liquefy the dried phlegm present
/.Which of the following IS NOT a manner in which antihistamines can work to prevent
respiratory reactions/distress?
a. prevent histamine binding to receptors on smooth muscle cells
b. all of the answers are correct
c. none of the answers are correct
d. to cause IgA to be more active in fighting the allergen
(Questions with 100% Correct Answers) RATED A+.
/. T or F: Diazepam (a benzodiazepine e.g. Valium®) is an example of a drug that
should be given IV since in other routes it can cause tissue irritation and pain. - Answer-
true; can be given IM or SQ, but both will cause pain to the patient
/.Xylazine HCL and dexmetdetomidine are examples of drugs from the category alpha-2
agonists. Which of the following is a characteristic of this category of drug?
a. they often result in dramatic bradycardia and hypotension
b. during emergence from sedation the patient often has tremors and head bobbing
c. they are strongly fat soluble drugs so the effect in an obese patient will take longer to
occur
d. care must be given when dosing as there is no reversal agent
/.The most common side effect of a drug that are used to promote vasodilation is
______________. - Answer-hypotension
/.The most important difference between parasympatholytic drugs (e.g. atropine) and
catecholamines (e.g. epinephrine) as treatment for heart problems, is which of the
following?
a. catecholamines are more commonly used for anaphylactic reactions
b. parasympatholytics are a first choice for resuscitation
c. parasympatholytics slow heart rate while catecholamines increase heart rate
d. parasympatholytics have a side effect of tachycardia while catecholamines have
really no side effects or precautions
/.All of the following antiarrhythmic drugs are used to slow the heart rate and make the
contractions more effective with the exception of one class of drug. Which class of drug
is most commonly used to stop premature ventricular contractions (often associated
with bloat)?
a. Class I (lidocaine, procainamide)
b. Class III (bretylium)
c. none of the answers are used for premature ventricular contractions
d. Class II (beta blockers)
e. Class IV (calcium channel blockers)
/.Antithombolic medications like aspirin and heparin work by:
a. breaking up clots so that cannot lodge in blood vessels
b. preventing blood clot formation within blood vessels
c. flushing blood clots into the general circulation where they are more readily dissolved
d. causing the blood to clot more quickly when there is a wound
, /.Which of the following relate to the cardiac glycoside (digoxin/digitalis)?
a. digoxin is used to speed up a slow heart rate
b. serum levels must routinely be monitored to check for toxicity
c. digoxin is the preferred drug over a calcium sensitizer due to the fact that it is so well
tolerated
d. digoxin is helpful for patients with heart murmurs
/.A small dog is brought in to a clinic with the complaint of having two seizures in one
day. The dog is also depressed and vomiting. The veterinarian is concerned that the
dog has been exposed to a toxin or poison. Which of the following anti-convulsant drugs
would be used at the veterinary clinic should the dog have another seizure (i.e. what
would be used if the dog is seizuring)?
a. phenobarbital
b. any of the answers would be correct as they all work to stop a seizure while it is
occurring
c. clomipramine
d. diazepam
e. potassium bromide
/.Butorphanol, an opiod drug, is frequently used with sedatives to decrease pain during
diagnostic procedures. What is also true about opiods as pain medications? - Answer-
they are the strongest analgesic medications
/.The veterinarian orders that 8% thiamylal sodium solution be prepared. On hand is 5
000 miligrams of thiamylal powder and sterile water. How much water must be added to
the 5 milligrams of powder to make an 8% solution? - Answer-63 mL
/.A dehydrated dog with a high temperature and a non-productive cough is admitted to
the clinic where you work. The veterinarian feels that the type of cough will change once
the dog is rehydrated so IV fluids are set up. Sure enough after 2 hours of IV fluids the
dog's cough sounds moist and phlegm is noted. The correct reason for this change is:
a. it is common for coughs to switch back and forth between productive and non-
productive
b. the fluids added electrolytes to the system which caused water to enter the lung
fields/airway
c. the muscle tone for coughing up the phlegm is now stronger
d. none of the answers are correct
e. the fluids helped to loosen and liquefy the dried phlegm present
/.Which of the following IS NOT a manner in which antihistamines can work to prevent
respiratory reactions/distress?
a. prevent histamine binding to receptors on smooth muscle cells
b. all of the answers are correct
c. none of the answers are correct
d. to cause IgA to be more active in fighting the allergen
