Inhoud
1.INLEIDING............................................................................................................................3
2.HUMANE HERPESVIRUSSEN............................................................................................... 13
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) ................................................................................................ 17
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ................................................................................................. 18
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)...................................................................................................... 19
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ..................................................................................................... 20
HHV6 en HHV7 .................................................................................................................. 22
Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV8) ................................................................................................... 22
3. INFLUENZA........................................................................................................................ 22
Spaanse griep .................................................................................................................... 25
Aziatische griep ................................................................................................................. 25
Hong Kong griep ................................................................................................................. 25
De Aziatische vogelgriep .................................................................................................... 27
4.HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ......................................................................... 29
5.ROTAVIRUS ........................................................................................................................ 33
6.HEPATITIS VIRUS ................................................................................................................ 35
Hepatits A virus: HAV ......................................................................................................... 35
Hepatits B virus: HBV ......................................................................................................... 36
Hepatitis C virus: HCV ........................................................................................................ 38
Hepatitis D virus: HDV ........................................................................................................ 39
Hepatitis E virus: HEV......................................................................................................... 39
7. ARBOVIRUSSEN (ARTHROPODE-BORNE) ........................................................................... 40
Gele koorts ........................................................................................................................ 40
Dengue of knokkelkoorts .................................................................................................... 40
West Nijl virus .................................................................................................................... 41
Japanse encephalitis ......................................................................................................... 41
Tick borne encephalitis ...................................................................................................... 41
8.TOGAVIRIDAE ..................................................................................................................... 41
Rubella virus (=rode hond).................................................................................................. 42
Alfa virussen ...................................................................................................................... 43
9. CORONAVIRIDAE............................................................................................................... 43
Humaan coronavirus ......................................................................................................... 43
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) virus .......................................................... 44
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus ................................................................... 44
, SARS-CoV2 ........................................................................................................................ 44
10. ADENOVIRIDAE ............................................................................................................... 44
11. POXVIRIDAE .................................................................................................................... 46
Variola virus / smallpox ...................................................................................................... 46
Molluscum contagiosum .................................................................................................... 46
12. PICORNAVIRIDAE (naast HAV) .......................................................................................... 46
Polio .................................................................................................................................. 47
Rhinovirussen .................................................................................................................... 47
Enterovirussen................................................................................................................... 47
13. PARAMYXOVIRIDAE.......................................................................................................... 49
Mazelen (Rubeola virus) ..................................................................................................... 50
Bof .................................................................................................................................... 51
Respiratoir syncytiaal virus (RSV) ........................................................................................ 51
14.PARVOVIRUS .................................................................................................................... 52
15. PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE ......................................................................................................... 53
Verruca vulgaris ................................................................................................................. 54
Verruca plantaris ............................................................................................................... 54
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis ....................................................................................... 54
Condylomata acuminata.................................................................................................... 54
Cervix carcinoom............................................................................................................... 54
16. FILOVIRIDAE .................................................................................................................... 55
Ebolavirus ......................................................................................................................... 55
17. RHABDOVIRIDAE ............................................................................................................. 57
Rabies ............................................................................................................................... 57
18. BUNYAVIRIDAE ................................................................................................................ 58
Hantavirus ......................................................................................................................... 59
19. ARENAVIRIDAE ................................................................................................................ 59
Lassa koorts virus (West Afrika) .......................................................................................... 59
Junin virus (Argentinie) ....................................................................................................... 59
Macupo virus (Bolivie) ........................................................................................................ 59
,Virologie
1.INLEIDING
Eigenschappen virussen
• Obligate intracellulaire moleculaire parasieten
• Infectieus
• Niet met lichtmicroscoop waarneembaar
• Genoom is ofwel DNA ofwel RNA [enkel of (partieel)dubbelstrengig, al dan niet
gefragmenteerd]
• De meeste virussen veroorzaken, na inoculatie op celculturen, een typisch
cytopathogeen effect (CPE)
• In tegenstelling tot bacteriën zijn virussen niet gevoelig aan antibiotica
Afmetingen van virussen
Afhankelijk van welk virus, maar gemiddeld tussen de 0,25 µm – 500µm
Bv: pokkenvirus is 300nm breed, herpesvirus is 100 nm breed, picornavirus is 25 nm breed
Overzichtje:
,Structuur capside (de eiwitomhulling)
1) Isohedrale capsidestructuur :
a. 20 vlakken (gelijkzijdige driehoeken)
b. 12 hoekpunten
c. 30 zijden
d. Bestaat uit hexonen en pentonen
Grotere virussen bezitten meer capsomeren.(= de
bouwstenen v/d capside) Het aantal pentons is steeds 12,
het aantal hexons kan variëren.
2) Helicale capsidestructuur
3) Complexe capsidestructuur
a. bv bacteriofaag: bacterie-infecterend virus
overzichtje:
Naakt icosahedraal bvb. poliovirus, adenovirus, hepatitis A virus
Naakt helicaal: bvb. tobacco mosaic virus (geen gekende humane pathogenen)
Icosahedraal met enveloppe: bvb. herpes virus, HIV, gele koorts
Helicaal met enveloppe bvb. rabies virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, bof virus, mazelen virus
Complex type: bvb. Pokken virussen
,Klassificatie van virussen
Virusinfectie
-Virus zal binnendringen via receptoren op celmembraan van gastheercel →capside (soms in
een endosoom na coated pit) in cytoplasma
-Het viraal genoom wordt vrijgezet = uncoating en ontmanteling: kan aan plasmamembraan/in
endosoom (bv door hoge pH na versmelting met lysosoom) /bij kernmembraan
, Veel virussen zullen zich repliceren in het cytoplasma en ook veel gaan naar de kern om te
infiltreren in het genetisch materiaal
Genoomstructuren
DNA
→dsDNA, ssDNA, partieel dsDNA, circulair dsDNA
RNA
→ssRNA (pos =5’-3’ of neg =3’-5’ ), dsRNA
Baltimore klassificatie:
1.INLEIDING............................................................................................................................3
2.HUMANE HERPESVIRUSSEN............................................................................................... 13
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) ................................................................................................ 17
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ................................................................................................. 18
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)...................................................................................................... 19
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ..................................................................................................... 20
HHV6 en HHV7 .................................................................................................................. 22
Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV8) ................................................................................................... 22
3. INFLUENZA........................................................................................................................ 22
Spaanse griep .................................................................................................................... 25
Aziatische griep ................................................................................................................. 25
Hong Kong griep ................................................................................................................. 25
De Aziatische vogelgriep .................................................................................................... 27
4.HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ......................................................................... 29
5.ROTAVIRUS ........................................................................................................................ 33
6.HEPATITIS VIRUS ................................................................................................................ 35
Hepatits A virus: HAV ......................................................................................................... 35
Hepatits B virus: HBV ......................................................................................................... 36
Hepatitis C virus: HCV ........................................................................................................ 38
Hepatitis D virus: HDV ........................................................................................................ 39
Hepatitis E virus: HEV......................................................................................................... 39
7. ARBOVIRUSSEN (ARTHROPODE-BORNE) ........................................................................... 40
Gele koorts ........................................................................................................................ 40
Dengue of knokkelkoorts .................................................................................................... 40
West Nijl virus .................................................................................................................... 41
Japanse encephalitis ......................................................................................................... 41
Tick borne encephalitis ...................................................................................................... 41
8.TOGAVIRIDAE ..................................................................................................................... 41
Rubella virus (=rode hond).................................................................................................. 42
Alfa virussen ...................................................................................................................... 43
9. CORONAVIRIDAE............................................................................................................... 43
Humaan coronavirus ......................................................................................................... 43
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) virus .......................................................... 44
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus ................................................................... 44
, SARS-CoV2 ........................................................................................................................ 44
10. ADENOVIRIDAE ............................................................................................................... 44
11. POXVIRIDAE .................................................................................................................... 46
Variola virus / smallpox ...................................................................................................... 46
Molluscum contagiosum .................................................................................................... 46
12. PICORNAVIRIDAE (naast HAV) .......................................................................................... 46
Polio .................................................................................................................................. 47
Rhinovirussen .................................................................................................................... 47
Enterovirussen................................................................................................................... 47
13. PARAMYXOVIRIDAE.......................................................................................................... 49
Mazelen (Rubeola virus) ..................................................................................................... 50
Bof .................................................................................................................................... 51
Respiratoir syncytiaal virus (RSV) ........................................................................................ 51
14.PARVOVIRUS .................................................................................................................... 52
15. PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE ......................................................................................................... 53
Verruca vulgaris ................................................................................................................. 54
Verruca plantaris ............................................................................................................... 54
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis ....................................................................................... 54
Condylomata acuminata.................................................................................................... 54
Cervix carcinoom............................................................................................................... 54
16. FILOVIRIDAE .................................................................................................................... 55
Ebolavirus ......................................................................................................................... 55
17. RHABDOVIRIDAE ............................................................................................................. 57
Rabies ............................................................................................................................... 57
18. BUNYAVIRIDAE ................................................................................................................ 58
Hantavirus ......................................................................................................................... 59
19. ARENAVIRIDAE ................................................................................................................ 59
Lassa koorts virus (West Afrika) .......................................................................................... 59
Junin virus (Argentinie) ....................................................................................................... 59
Macupo virus (Bolivie) ........................................................................................................ 59
,Virologie
1.INLEIDING
Eigenschappen virussen
• Obligate intracellulaire moleculaire parasieten
• Infectieus
• Niet met lichtmicroscoop waarneembaar
• Genoom is ofwel DNA ofwel RNA [enkel of (partieel)dubbelstrengig, al dan niet
gefragmenteerd]
• De meeste virussen veroorzaken, na inoculatie op celculturen, een typisch
cytopathogeen effect (CPE)
• In tegenstelling tot bacteriën zijn virussen niet gevoelig aan antibiotica
Afmetingen van virussen
Afhankelijk van welk virus, maar gemiddeld tussen de 0,25 µm – 500µm
Bv: pokkenvirus is 300nm breed, herpesvirus is 100 nm breed, picornavirus is 25 nm breed
Overzichtje:
,Structuur capside (de eiwitomhulling)
1) Isohedrale capsidestructuur :
a. 20 vlakken (gelijkzijdige driehoeken)
b. 12 hoekpunten
c. 30 zijden
d. Bestaat uit hexonen en pentonen
Grotere virussen bezitten meer capsomeren.(= de
bouwstenen v/d capside) Het aantal pentons is steeds 12,
het aantal hexons kan variëren.
2) Helicale capsidestructuur
3) Complexe capsidestructuur
a. bv bacteriofaag: bacterie-infecterend virus
overzichtje:
Naakt icosahedraal bvb. poliovirus, adenovirus, hepatitis A virus
Naakt helicaal: bvb. tobacco mosaic virus (geen gekende humane pathogenen)
Icosahedraal met enveloppe: bvb. herpes virus, HIV, gele koorts
Helicaal met enveloppe bvb. rabies virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, bof virus, mazelen virus
Complex type: bvb. Pokken virussen
,Klassificatie van virussen
Virusinfectie
-Virus zal binnendringen via receptoren op celmembraan van gastheercel →capside (soms in
een endosoom na coated pit) in cytoplasma
-Het viraal genoom wordt vrijgezet = uncoating en ontmanteling: kan aan plasmamembraan/in
endosoom (bv door hoge pH na versmelting met lysosoom) /bij kernmembraan
, Veel virussen zullen zich repliceren in het cytoplasma en ook veel gaan naar de kern om te
infiltreren in het genetisch materiaal
Genoomstructuren
DNA
→dsDNA, ssDNA, partieel dsDNA, circulair dsDNA
RNA
→ssRNA (pos =5’-3’ of neg =3’-5’ ), dsRNA
Baltimore klassificatie:
