COMSAE Level 2 111 - Questions With Verified
Solutions
Prevalence vs incidence Right Answer - Prevalence - number
of cases at a particular time
Incidence - number of new cases
Odds ratio vs relative risk Right Answer - odds ratio: for case
control studies control for disease and examine exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not the total its the
unaffected
Relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and
examine who got the disease
prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ratio used Right Answer - case-control
studies
When is a relative risk ratio used? Right Answer - RCT or
Cohort study
Delayed puberty in girls Right Answer - Absence of secondary
sexual characteristics by age 13
failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males Right Answer - no testicular growth
has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt has occurred by
age 18
, constitutional growth delay Right Answer - MCC of growth
delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains
consistent. Often there is family history
Will have delayed bone age
Bence-Jones proteinuria Right Answer - tubular casts with
foreign body giant cell reaction
light chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
occurs in MM
Multiple myeloma CRAB Right Answer - C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone lytic lesions/back pain
concave brittle nails Right Answer - spoon nails caused by
iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia.
Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy, and loss of accommodation suddenly
after eating smoked fish Right Answer - Clostridium
botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
Right Answer - all incoming patients must receive a medical
screening exam. ONLY after the screening has been done can a
transfer be done and only if the other facility is better equipped to
meet their needs
muscles and their innervation that cause foot eversion Right
Answer - peroneus longus
Solutions
Prevalence vs incidence Right Answer - Prevalence - number
of cases at a particular time
Incidence - number of new cases
Odds ratio vs relative risk Right Answer - odds ratio: for case
control studies control for disease and examine exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not the total its the
unaffected
Relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and
examine who got the disease
prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ratio used Right Answer - case-control
studies
When is a relative risk ratio used? Right Answer - RCT or
Cohort study
Delayed puberty in girls Right Answer - Absence of secondary
sexual characteristics by age 13
failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males Right Answer - no testicular growth
has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt has occurred by
age 18
, constitutional growth delay Right Answer - MCC of growth
delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains
consistent. Often there is family history
Will have delayed bone age
Bence-Jones proteinuria Right Answer - tubular casts with
foreign body giant cell reaction
light chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
occurs in MM
Multiple myeloma CRAB Right Answer - C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone lytic lesions/back pain
concave brittle nails Right Answer - spoon nails caused by
iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia.
Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy, and loss of accommodation suddenly
after eating smoked fish Right Answer - Clostridium
botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
Right Answer - all incoming patients must receive a medical
screening exam. ONLY after the screening has been done can a
transfer be done and only if the other facility is better equipped to
meet their needs
muscles and their innervation that cause foot eversion Right
Answer - peroneus longus
