critical care exam 3 trauma Exam questions
with correct answers
What |are |the |leading |causes |of |death |for |the |15-24 |age |group? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-MVCs |and
|homicide
What |are |the |leading |causes |of |death |for |the |35-54 |age |group? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Overdose |on
|prescription/illegal |drugs |and |MVCs
What |are |the |leading |causes |of |death |in |the |65 |and |older |age |group? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-falls,
|injuries |related |to |falls, |and |MVCs
Death |caused |by |trauma |occurs |in |a |trimodal |distribution. |When |is |the |first |period |of |death? |-
|VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Occurs |within |seconds |to |minutes |from |the |time |of |injury. |Death |is |caused |by
|severe |injuries |such |as |apnea |from |brain |or |spinal |cord |injury |or |massive |hemorrhage. |Only |trauma
|prevention |can |decreased |deaths |in |this |category.
When |does |the |second |peak |of |death |occur? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Within |minutes |to |several |hours
|after |injury. |Death |is |caused |by |hemopneumothorax, |ruptured |spleen, |liver |lac, |pelvic |fracture, |or
|other |multiple |injuries |associated |with |significant |blood |loss.
What |is |the |"golden |hour"? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |first |hour |of |emergent |care |after |a |traumatic
|accident |that |focuses |on |assessment, |resuscitation, |and |treatment |of |life-threatening |injuries.
When |does |the |third |peak |of |death |occur? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Several |days |to |weeks |after |the
|initial |injury |and |is |most |often |the |result |of |sepsis, |ARDS, |increased |ICP, |or |MODS. |Patient |outcomes
|in |this |time |frame |are |affected |by |the |care |provided |early |in |the |management |of |traumatic |injury.
Large |volume |resuscitation |is |avoided |unless |it |is |absolutely |necessary |because |it |can |cause |problems.
|What |are |some |of |these |problems? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-hyperchloremic |metabolic |acidosis,
|inflammatory |organ |injury |such |as |ARDS |or |MODS.
,During |fluid |resuscitation, |what |is |the |fluid |rate |used |to |keep |the |SBP |above |80-90? |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-60-80 |mL/kg/hour
If |fluid |resuscitation |is |so |aggressive |that |it |raises |BP |to |normotensive |or |higher, |what |might |happen?
|- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-It |could |disrupt |tenuous |early |clots |and |actually |prevent |the |hemorrhage
|from |stopping.
What |is |minor |trauma |defined |as? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-A |single-system |injury |that |does |not |pose
|a |threat |to |life |or |limb |and |can |be |treated |in |a |basic |ER
What |is |major |trauma? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Serious |multi-system |injuries |that |require |immediate
|intervention |to |prevent |disability, |loss |of |limb, |or |death.
What |is |the |Abbreviated |Injury |Scale |(AIS) |and |the |Injury |Severity |Score |(ISS)? |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-They |divide |the |body |into |7 |regions |and |use |a |severity |score |from |1-6 |for |each |injury.
|The |AIS |score |is |calculated |from |the |top |3 |worst |regions |and |the |ISS |is |the |sum |of |scores |of |the
|highest |AIS |score |in |three |body |regions. |1 |is |minor |injury. |6 |is |the |worst.
What |are |the |variables |assessed |with |the |Revised |Trauma |Score |(RTS)? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-blood
|pressure, |respiratory |rate, |GCS. |The |lower |the |score, |the |worse |off |the |patient |is.
What |is |the |mechanism |of |injury? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-How |the |event |occurred, |the |injuring
|agent, |and |info |about |the |type |and |amount |of |energy |exchanged |during |the |event.
Why |do |we |need |to |know |about |the |mechanism |of |injury |in |a |traumatic |event? |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-It |guides |the |assessment |and |interventions |to |minimized |the |chances |of |missing |injuries
|that |are |more |subtle |such |as |organ |contusions.
What |is |the |formula |for |kinetic |energy? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-mass |times |velocity |squared |divided
|by |2
What |is |the |most |common |mechanism |of |injury? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-blunt |trauma
, What |is |the |most |common |cause |of |blunt |trauma? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-MVA
What |is |the |mechanism |of |injury |in |an |MVA? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-When |there |is |rapid
|deceleration |(car |hitting |something |and |stopping |suddenly), |movement |of |the |car |ceases |but
|contents |in |the |body |continue |to |travel |within |an |enclosed |space |or |compartment.
What |is |the |term |that |describes |the |phenomenon |when |the |brain |hits |the |cranium |and |bounces |off
|to |hit |the |opposite |wall |of |the |cranium? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-coup-contrecoup
Some |organs |tolerate |transfer |of |large |amounts |of |kinetic |energy |better |than |others. |Which |organs
|tolerate |it |well? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Low-density, |porous |tissues |such |as |the |lungs.
What |organs |do |not |tolerate |large |amounts |of |kinetic |energy |transfer? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-High-
density |organs |such |as |the |heart, |spleen, |and |liver. |They |are |more |prone |to |fragmentation |or |rupture.
What |determines |the |severity |of |injury |from |blunt |trauma? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-the |duration |of
|energy |exposure, |the |body |part |involved, |and |the |underlying |structures.
What |are |important |considerations |in |a |stabbing? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-length |and |width |of
|impaling |object, |presence |of |vital |organs |in |the |area |of |the |stab |wound
What |is |the |different |between |how |women |stab |and |how |men |stab? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Women
|stab |downward, |men |stab |upward
What |are |typical |medium-velocity |weapons? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-handguns |and |some |rifles
What |are |typical |high-velocity |weapons? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-assault |weapons |and |hunting |rifles
What |is |cavitation? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |tissue |damage |that |is |created |when |a |missile |(bullet)
|penetrates |the |tissues |and |causes |stretching |and |compression |of |the |vessels. |Cavitation |can |be |as
|great |as |30 |times |the |diameter |of |the |bullet.
with correct answers
What |are |the |leading |causes |of |death |for |the |15-24 |age |group? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-MVCs |and
|homicide
What |are |the |leading |causes |of |death |for |the |35-54 |age |group? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Overdose |on
|prescription/illegal |drugs |and |MVCs
What |are |the |leading |causes |of |death |in |the |65 |and |older |age |group? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-falls,
|injuries |related |to |falls, |and |MVCs
Death |caused |by |trauma |occurs |in |a |trimodal |distribution. |When |is |the |first |period |of |death? |-
|VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Occurs |within |seconds |to |minutes |from |the |time |of |injury. |Death |is |caused |by
|severe |injuries |such |as |apnea |from |brain |or |spinal |cord |injury |or |massive |hemorrhage. |Only |trauma
|prevention |can |decreased |deaths |in |this |category.
When |does |the |second |peak |of |death |occur? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Within |minutes |to |several |hours
|after |injury. |Death |is |caused |by |hemopneumothorax, |ruptured |spleen, |liver |lac, |pelvic |fracture, |or
|other |multiple |injuries |associated |with |significant |blood |loss.
What |is |the |"golden |hour"? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |first |hour |of |emergent |care |after |a |traumatic
|accident |that |focuses |on |assessment, |resuscitation, |and |treatment |of |life-threatening |injuries.
When |does |the |third |peak |of |death |occur? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Several |days |to |weeks |after |the
|initial |injury |and |is |most |often |the |result |of |sepsis, |ARDS, |increased |ICP, |or |MODS. |Patient |outcomes
|in |this |time |frame |are |affected |by |the |care |provided |early |in |the |management |of |traumatic |injury.
Large |volume |resuscitation |is |avoided |unless |it |is |absolutely |necessary |because |it |can |cause |problems.
|What |are |some |of |these |problems? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-hyperchloremic |metabolic |acidosis,
|inflammatory |organ |injury |such |as |ARDS |or |MODS.
,During |fluid |resuscitation, |what |is |the |fluid |rate |used |to |keep |the |SBP |above |80-90? |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-60-80 |mL/kg/hour
If |fluid |resuscitation |is |so |aggressive |that |it |raises |BP |to |normotensive |or |higher, |what |might |happen?
|- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-It |could |disrupt |tenuous |early |clots |and |actually |prevent |the |hemorrhage
|from |stopping.
What |is |minor |trauma |defined |as? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-A |single-system |injury |that |does |not |pose
|a |threat |to |life |or |limb |and |can |be |treated |in |a |basic |ER
What |is |major |trauma? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Serious |multi-system |injuries |that |require |immediate
|intervention |to |prevent |disability, |loss |of |limb, |or |death.
What |is |the |Abbreviated |Injury |Scale |(AIS) |and |the |Injury |Severity |Score |(ISS)? |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-They |divide |the |body |into |7 |regions |and |use |a |severity |score |from |1-6 |for |each |injury.
|The |AIS |score |is |calculated |from |the |top |3 |worst |regions |and |the |ISS |is |the |sum |of |scores |of |the
|highest |AIS |score |in |three |body |regions. |1 |is |minor |injury. |6 |is |the |worst.
What |are |the |variables |assessed |with |the |Revised |Trauma |Score |(RTS)? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-blood
|pressure, |respiratory |rate, |GCS. |The |lower |the |score, |the |worse |off |the |patient |is.
What |is |the |mechanism |of |injury? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-How |the |event |occurred, |the |injuring
|agent, |and |info |about |the |type |and |amount |of |energy |exchanged |during |the |event.
Why |do |we |need |to |know |about |the |mechanism |of |injury |in |a |traumatic |event? |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-It |guides |the |assessment |and |interventions |to |minimized |the |chances |of |missing |injuries
|that |are |more |subtle |such |as |organ |contusions.
What |is |the |formula |for |kinetic |energy? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-mass |times |velocity |squared |divided
|by |2
What |is |the |most |common |mechanism |of |injury? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-blunt |trauma
, What |is |the |most |common |cause |of |blunt |trauma? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-MVA
What |is |the |mechanism |of |injury |in |an |MVA? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-When |there |is |rapid
|deceleration |(car |hitting |something |and |stopping |suddenly), |movement |of |the |car |ceases |but
|contents |in |the |body |continue |to |travel |within |an |enclosed |space |or |compartment.
What |is |the |term |that |describes |the |phenomenon |when |the |brain |hits |the |cranium |and |bounces |off
|to |hit |the |opposite |wall |of |the |cranium? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-coup-contrecoup
Some |organs |tolerate |transfer |of |large |amounts |of |kinetic |energy |better |than |others. |Which |organs
|tolerate |it |well? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Low-density, |porous |tissues |such |as |the |lungs.
What |organs |do |not |tolerate |large |amounts |of |kinetic |energy |transfer? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-High-
density |organs |such |as |the |heart, |spleen, |and |liver. |They |are |more |prone |to |fragmentation |or |rupture.
What |determines |the |severity |of |injury |from |blunt |trauma? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-the |duration |of
|energy |exposure, |the |body |part |involved, |and |the |underlying |structures.
What |are |important |considerations |in |a |stabbing? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-length |and |width |of
|impaling |object, |presence |of |vital |organs |in |the |area |of |the |stab |wound
What |is |the |different |between |how |women |stab |and |how |men |stab? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Women
|stab |downward, |men |stab |upward
What |are |typical |medium-velocity |weapons? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-handguns |and |some |rifles
What |are |typical |high-velocity |weapons? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-assault |weapons |and |hunting |rifles
What |is |cavitation? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-The |tissue |damage |that |is |created |when |a |missile |(bullet)
|penetrates |the |tissues |and |causes |stretching |and |compression |of |the |vessels. |Cavitation |can |be |as
|great |as |30 |times |the |diameter |of |the |bullet.
