Paradigm - ANSWER a model; an example
Theory X - ANSWER assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and
extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above.
Organizational Behavior Approach - ANSWER Employees are complex, and theoretical
understanding supported by research is needed before applications are made to
manage employees
One-eighth Situation - ANSWER Only 1/8 of organizations buy into importance and
value of human resources, incorporate high performance work practices, and stick with
these practices
knowing-doing gap - ANSWER the gap between what people know and what they
actually do
evidence-based management - ANSWER Using hard facts and empirical evidence to
make decisions
Hawthorne studies - ANSWER A series of studies during the 1920s and 1930s that
provided new insights into individual and group behavior
Hawthorne effect - ANSWER productivity increases when workers are given special
attention and were enjoying a novel, interesting experienced
meta-analysis - ANSWER A research technique that combines the statistical results of
many studies of the same question, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of
a variable's effects.
Theory - ANSWER simplification of reality; why something occurs
Research design - ANSWER Primary aim is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship;
survey studies, case studies, and experimental design
Cognitive Framework - ANSWER Gives humans credit and assumes that behavior is
purposeful and goal oriented
Behavioristic Framework - ANSWER framework stresses the importance of dealing with
observable behaviors instead of the elusive mind that had preoccupied earlier
psychologists. Cognitions not needed