NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam Review
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER: Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - ANSWER: Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - ANSWER: Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - ANSWER: Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - ANSWER: Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - ANSWER: Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - ANSWER: Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - ANSWER: Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum Iron Concentration - ANSWER: Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - ANSWER: Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - ANSWER: Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - ANSWER: Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - ANSWER: Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - ANSWER: Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
,Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANSWER: Anemia associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - ANSWER: Anemia due to sudden loss of blood.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER: Anemia caused by insufficient iron.
Petechial Hemorrhages - ANSWER: Small red or purple spots from bleeding under skin.
Bone Marrow Examination - ANSWER: Procedure to assess bone marrow health and function.
Overwhelming Bacterial Infection - ANSWER: Severe infection leading to systemic symptoms.
Aplastic Anemia - ANSWER: Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle Cells - ANSWER: Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANSWER: Thickening of the heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER: Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic Dissection - ANSWER: Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing severe pain.
Tachycardia - ANSWER: Heart rate over 100 bpm, often symptomatic.
AV Dissociation - ANSWER: Atria and ventricles beat independently.
Nonsustained Supraventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER: Intermittent rapid heart rate from atria.
Sustained Wide Complex Atrial Tachycardia - ANSWER: Persistent rapid atrial rhythm with wide QRS.
,Wide Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER: Rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS complexes.
Narrow Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER: Rapid ventricular rhythm with narrow QRS complexes.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leads to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - ANSWER: Percentage of blood pumped from heart per beat.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER: Backward flow of blood from left ventricle to atrium.
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER: Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
Bradycardia - ANSWER: Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - ANSWER: Interruption in electrical conduction below atrioventricular node.
Blocked Pathway at SA Node - ANSWER: Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
Reentry Pathway - ANSWER: Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
Paravalvular Leak - ANSWER: Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER: Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
Aortic Regurgitation - ANSWER: Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANSWER: Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANSWER: Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANSWER: Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - ANSWER: Slow-growing cancer of myeloid cells, often with
Philadelphia chromosome.
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia - ANSWER: Anemia with small, pale red blood cells.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis - ANSWER: Test to separate different types of hemoglobin.
Maxillofacial Deformities - ANSWER: Abnormalities in facial structure, often due to anemia.
Beta thalassemia - ANSWER: Genetic disorder causing reduced hemoglobin production.
Gastrointestinal blood loss - ANSWER: Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
Pernicious anemia - ANSWER: Vitamin B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor absence.
Chronic renal failure - ANSWER: Progressive loss of kidney function over time.
Macronodular cirrhosis - ANSWER: Severe liver scarring affecting liver function.
Vitamin B12 deficiency - ANSWER: Insufficient B12 leading to anemia and neurological issues.
Vitamin C deficiency - ANSWER: Lack of vitamin C causing scurvy and bleeding.
Von Willebrand disease - ANSWER: Genetic disorder affecting blood clotting ability.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplant - ANSWER: Transplant from a genetically different donor.
Exam Review
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER: Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - ANSWER: Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - ANSWER: Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - ANSWER: Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - ANSWER: Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - ANSWER: Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - ANSWER: Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - ANSWER: Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum Iron Concentration - ANSWER: Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - ANSWER: Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - ANSWER: Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - ANSWER: Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - ANSWER: Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - ANSWER: Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
,Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANSWER: Anemia associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - ANSWER: Anemia due to sudden loss of blood.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER: Anemia caused by insufficient iron.
Petechial Hemorrhages - ANSWER: Small red or purple spots from bleeding under skin.
Bone Marrow Examination - ANSWER: Procedure to assess bone marrow health and function.
Overwhelming Bacterial Infection - ANSWER: Severe infection leading to systemic symptoms.
Aplastic Anemia - ANSWER: Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle Cells - ANSWER: Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANSWER: Thickening of the heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER: Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic Dissection - ANSWER: Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing severe pain.
Tachycardia - ANSWER: Heart rate over 100 bpm, often symptomatic.
AV Dissociation - ANSWER: Atria and ventricles beat independently.
Nonsustained Supraventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER: Intermittent rapid heart rate from atria.
Sustained Wide Complex Atrial Tachycardia - ANSWER: Persistent rapid atrial rhythm with wide QRS.
,Wide Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER: Rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS complexes.
Narrow Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER: Rapid ventricular rhythm with narrow QRS complexes.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER: Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leads to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - ANSWER: Percentage of blood pumped from heart per beat.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER: Backward flow of blood from left ventricle to atrium.
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER: Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
Bradycardia - ANSWER: Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - ANSWER: Interruption in electrical conduction below atrioventricular node.
Blocked Pathway at SA Node - ANSWER: Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
Reentry Pathway - ANSWER: Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
Paravalvular Leak - ANSWER: Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER: Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
Aortic Regurgitation - ANSWER: Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANSWER: Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANSWER: Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANSWER: Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - ANSWER: Slow-growing cancer of myeloid cells, often with
Philadelphia chromosome.
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia - ANSWER: Anemia with small, pale red blood cells.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis - ANSWER: Test to separate different types of hemoglobin.
Maxillofacial Deformities - ANSWER: Abnormalities in facial structure, often due to anemia.
Beta thalassemia - ANSWER: Genetic disorder causing reduced hemoglobin production.
Gastrointestinal blood loss - ANSWER: Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
Pernicious anemia - ANSWER: Vitamin B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor absence.
Chronic renal failure - ANSWER: Progressive loss of kidney function over time.
Macronodular cirrhosis - ANSWER: Severe liver scarring affecting liver function.
Vitamin B12 deficiency - ANSWER: Insufficient B12 leading to anemia and neurological issues.
Vitamin C deficiency - ANSWER: Lack of vitamin C causing scurvy and bleeding.
Von Willebrand disease - ANSWER: Genetic disorder affecting blood clotting ability.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplant - ANSWER: Transplant from a genetically different donor.
