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Samenvatting Historische Sociologie

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Dit is een samenvatting van alle lessen historische sociologie gebruik makend van verschillende lesnotities.

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Samenvatting 2024-2025


HISTORISCHE
SOCIOLOGIE




Sociologie
3de Bachelor

,Inhoudstafel
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Historische sociologie ...................................................................................................................... 4
De 21ste eeuw ................................................................................................................................... 5
De sleutel = de staat .................................................................................................................... 5

Neolithische revolutie, sociale stratificatie, de eerste staten .......................................................... 6
The neolithic revolution (Sanderson) ................................................................................................. 6
Jager/verzamelaar samenlevingen 10 000 jaar geleden .................................................................. 6
De wereldwijde transitie naar landbouw ........................................................................................ 6
Het neolithicum in de oude wereld ........................................................................................... 7
Het neolithicum in de Nieuwe wereld........................................................................................ 7
Graduele overgang, verschillende dimensies ............................................................................ 7
De karakteristieken van het Neolithicum ................................................................................... 8
Redenen tot de wereldwijde transitie naar landbouw ..................................................................... 8
1ste theorie – automatische trend naar evolutie – technologie theorie .......................................... 8
2de theorie – populatie druk theorieën ....................................................................................... 9
3de theorie – klimaatwijziging (3 verschillende theorieën) .......................................................... 10
4de theorie – druk op middelen – resource stress (wegens verhoging van populatie) ................... 11
5de theorie – diPusietheorie .................................................................................................... 12
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 12
The evolution of inequality (Mattison) .............................................................................................. 13
Wat is de oorzaak van sociale stratificatie? .................................................................................. 14
Waarom tolereren we ongelijkheid? ............................................................................................ 15
Waarom zo laat? ........................................................................................................................ 15
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 16
The origin of civilization and the state (Sanderson)............................................................................ 16
Een typologie van sociopolitieke evolutie .................................................................................... 16
Bands – Horden (geen politiek) ............................................................................................... 16
Tribes – stammen .................................................................................................................. 17
Chiefdom .............................................................................................................................. 17
States – staten ....................................................................................................................... 18
Imperia ................................................................................................................................. 19
Verklaring van het ontstaan van beschaving en de staat ............................................................... 19
Enkele belangrijke beginvaststellingen .................................................................................... 19
Er zijn enkele grote groepen van verklaringen:.......................................................................... 19
Handel of economische wisselwerking ................................................................................... 20
Marxistische theorie .............................................................................................................. 21
Bevolkingsdruktheorie ........................................................................................................... 22
Irrigatietheorie – landbouw ..................................................................................................... 22
Circumscription theory (Carneiro) .......................................................................................... 23
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 25
The autonomous power of the state: its origins, mechanisms and results (Mann) ............................... 25
Startpunt ................................................................................................................................... 25
De duale theorie ........................................................................................................................ 25
Institutionele definitie van de staat ............................................................................................. 26
Verschillende vormen van macht ................................................................................................ 26
Despotische macht ............................................................................................................... 26
Infrastructurele macht ........................................................................................................... 26
4 types van staten .................................................................................................................. 27
Wat houdt die infrastructurele macht precies in? ......................................................................... 27
Waarom ontstaat er dan autonome staatsmacht volgens Mann? .................................................. 28



1

, The necessity of the state – de noodzaak van de staat .............................................................. 28
The multiplicity of the state functions – de diversiteit van de staatsfuncties .............................. 28
The territorial centrality of the state – de territoriale centraliteit van de staat ............................. 29
Conclusie:............................................................................................................................. 29
Dialectiek van de staatsmacht.................................................................................................... 29
Verschil tussen de despotische macht en de infrastructurele macht ............................................ 30
Conclusie van Mann – 3 elementen............................................................................................. 30
Samenvattend ........................................................................................................................... 30

Kapitalisme, wereldsysteem, kolonialisme .................................................................................. 31
The rise of the West (Chirot) ............................................................................................................ 31
Chirot ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Politieke decentralisatie en de steden ......................................................................................... 33
Wettelijke en religieuze rationalisatie: de geboorte van het kapitalisme ........................................ 34
Institutionele rationalisatie:.................................................................................................... 34
Culturele rationalisatie .......................................................................................................... 34
Economische rationalisatie .................................................................................................... 34
Rationele wetgeving ............................................................................................................... 35
Religieus rationalisatie ........................................................................................................... 35
De volgden 300 jaar: creatie van de basis van een industrieel wereldsysteem ............................... 36
Conclusie: theorieën.................................................................................................................. 37
The Capitalist revolution and the beginnings of the modern world (Sanderson) .................................. 38
Inleiding .................................................................................................................................... 38
Claim Chirot: grondoorzaak van het kapitalisme (rise of the west) ............................................ 38
Kritiek van Sanderson hierop .................................................................................................. 38
Gelijkenissen Sanderson & Chirot:.......................................................................................... 38
Wanneer begint het modernisatie Europa: ................................................................................... 39
Feodaliteit (het oude systeem).................................................................................................... 39
Het kapitalisme ......................................................................................................................... 40
Wat is kapitalisme ................................................................................................................. 40
Het protokapitalisme (Sanderson) .............................................................................................. 42
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 42
De opkomst van het kapitalisme in Japan en Europa .................................................................... 43
Theorieën betrePende de transitie naar het kaptialisme ............................................................... 43
Marxitische theorieën ............................................................................................................ 43
Weberiaanse theorieën .......................................................................................................... 45
World system theorie (wereld systeem theorieën) ................................................................... 46
Demografische theorieën ....................................................................................................... 46
Synthese van Sanderson ............................................................................................................ 47
De theorie van het wereldsysteem (Tromp) ...................................................................................... 49
Wat is een wereldsysteem/sociaal systeem? ............................................................................... 50
Contradicties (zorgen voor een cyclisch verloop) ..................................................................... 51
Coloniality of power (Quijano) ......................................................................................................... 53
Kritiek........................................................................................................................................ 55
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 55
A people’s history of the United States (Zinn) .................................................................................... 55
Bacon’s rebellion ....................................................................................................................... 59
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 60

De welvaartstaat ......................................................................................................................... 61
Samenwerking voor en door de kleine mens (Van de Putte) ............................................................... 61
Waar is het socialisme ontstaan? ............................................................................................... 62
Hoe de mateloze 19de eeuw een welvaartstaat baarde (Van de Putte) ................................................ 62



2

, Inleiding .................................................................................................................................... 62
Waarom werd de welvaartstaat opgericht? .................................................................................. 63
Wanneer is de gewone mens sterk genoeg om controle te nemen op de staat? ............................. 64
Conclusie.............................................................................................................................. 65
The three worlds of welfare capitalism (Esping-Andersen) ................................................................ 65
Inleiding .................................................................................................................................... 65
Visies .................................................................................................................................... 65
De conservatieve welvaartstaat .................................................................................................. 66
Feodaal ................................................................................................................................. 66
Corporatistisch...................................................................................................................... 66
Etatisch................................................................................................................................. 67
Liberale welvaartstaat ................................................................................................................ 67
De socialistische welvaartstaat .................................................................................................. 68
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 69

Druk op de welvaartstaat ............................................................................................................. 70
Electorale politiek (Van de Putte) ..................................................................................................... 70
Herhaling .................................................................................................................................. 70
Electorale politiek ...................................................................................................................... 70
Hoe bekijken we wat kiezers denken klassiek? ........................................................................ 70
Gevolg .................................................................................................................................. 71
De welvaartstaat onder druk (Van de Putte)...................................................................................... 71
Gini-coëPiciënt.......................................................................................................................... 72
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 73




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