CRIMINAL JUSTICE NOCTI TEST STUDY
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
How- should- liquid- blood- stains- be- collected- and- stored?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- -
Blood- that- is- in- liquid- pools- should- be- picked- up- on- a- gauze- pad- or- other- clean-
sterile- cotton- cloth- and- allowed- to- air- dry- thoroughly,- at- room- temperature.- It-
should- be- refrigerated- or- frozen- as- soon- as- possible- and- brought- to- the- Laboratory-
as- quickly- as- possible.- Delays- beyond- 48- hours- may- make- the- samples- useless.
How- should- dried- blood- stains- be- collected- and- stored?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •-
On- clothing,- if- possible,- wrap- the- item- in- clean- paper,- place- the- article- in- a-
brown- paper- bag- or- box- and- seal- and- label- container.- Do- not- attempt- to- remove-
stains- from- the- cloth.-
•- On- small- solid- objects,- send- the- whole- stained- object- to- the- Laboratory,- after-
labeling- and- packaging.
•- On- large- solid- objects,- cover- the- stained- area- with- clean- paper- and- seal- the-
edges- down- with- tape- to- prevent- loss- or- contamination.- If- impractical- to- deliver-
the- whole- object- to- the- Laboratory,- scrape- the- stain- onto- a- clean- piece- of- paper,-
which- can- be- folded- and- placed- in- an- envelope.- Do- not- scrape- directly- into-
evidence- envelope.- Scrape- blood- from- objects- using- a- freshly- washed- and- dried-
knife- or- similar- tool.- Wash- and- dry- the- tool- before- each- stain- is- scraped- off.- Seal-
and- mark- the- envelope.
•- Do- not- mix- dried- stains.- Place- each- stain- in- a- separate- envelope.
•- Never- attempt- to- wipe- dried- stains- from- an- object- using- a- moistened- cloth- or-
paper.
,How- are- autopsy- blood- samples- collected?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - Request- that-
pathologist- obtain- the- sample- directly- from- the- heart- into- a- yellow- (ACD)- or-
purple- stoppered- vacutainer- (some- labs- request- both).- In- rare- cases- when- no- liquid-
blood- is- available,- ask- pathologist- to- collect- a- section- of- liver,- bone,- and/or- deep-
muscle- tissue- and- freeze- for- typing.- In- such- cases,- proceed- also- with- collection- of-
a- secondary- standard- as- described- below.
How- do- you- collect- blood- samples- from- a- live- victim?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - For-
typing- purposes,- have- sample- drawn- into- yellow- and- purple- stoppered- vacutainers.-
Note- these- are- distinguished- from- the- BA- tubes- which- have- grey- stoppers.
If- the- victim- is- injured- to- the- extent- that- a- transfusion- is- necessary,- make- an-
effort- to- obtain- or- begin- necessary- procedures- to- obtain- the- pre-transfusion- sample-
collected- by- the- hospital.- These- samples- are- not- retained- for- long- periods- by- the-
hospital,- so- it- is- important- to- act- promptly.- Also,- make- sure- that- some-
bloodstained- garment- worn- by- the- individual- has- been- air- dried- and- frozen- to-
serve- as- a- secondary- standard.
What- is- the- steps- in- handling- and- storage- of- physiological- fluid- evidence?- --
CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - Stains- and- Controls
1.- Air- dry-
2.- Package- in- paper-
3.- Freeze-
Consider- special- handling- of- non-absorbent- items- on- (metal- or- plastic).- Any-
condensation- from- thawing- could- disturb- or- destroy- such- evidence.- Such- items-
should- be- kept- at- room- temperature- and- submitted- to- the- lab- as- soon- as- possible.
Basic- rules- of- blood- storage- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •- Refrigerate,- do- not- freeze-
standards- collected- in- yellow- stoppered- vacutainers.
•- Submit- to- the- lab- as- soon- as- possible.
What- are- the- basic- rules- of- saliva- collection- and- storage?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •-
Collect- on- a- sterile- gauze- pad- or- swabs,- allow- to- air- dry- and- package- in- paper.- Do-
not- use- plastic- containers.
, Where- are- seminal- stains- usually- found- and- what- is- the- proper- packaging- of-
them?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •- Seminal- stains- are- often,- but- not- always,- found-
on- clothing,- blankets,- sheets.- Allow- any- stains- to- air- dry,- wrap- in- paper,- and-
package- evidence- in- paper- bags.- Do- not- use- plastic- bags.
How- do- you- handle- evidence- collection- in- a- sex- offense- case.- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-
- - the- victim- should- always- be- examined- by- a- physician.- A- Sexual- Assault- Evidence-
Collection- Kit- is- used- to- collect- evidence- from- the- victim.- It- is- very- important- that-
the- instructions- on- the- kit- be- followed- with- care- in- order- to- gain- the- greatest-
benefit- from- the- collected- evidence.
•- Label- all- garments- such- as- undershorts,- panties,- or- other- exhibits- and- package-
each- garment- separately.
•- If- damp,- allow- fabric- to- dry- completely- before- packaging.
•- Handle- fabrics- as- little- as- possible.
Hair- collected- at- a- crime- scene- is- collected- and- packaged,- how?- -- CORRECT-
ANSWERS-- - •- An- examination- of- human- hair- can- occasionally- reveal- the- possible-
race- of- the- individual- from- whom- it- came- and- the- part- of- the- body- from- which- it-
originated.
•- Human- hair- can- be- compared- to- determine- whether- or- not- two- samples- could-
have- had- a- common- origin.- The- value- of- the- Laboratory- examinations- of- such-
specimens- will- depend- upon- the- amount- of- hair- recovered- and- the- characteristics-
found- in- the- examinations.
•- Recover- all- hair- present.- If- possible,- use- the- fingers- or- tweezers- to- pick- up- hair,-
place- in- paper- bindles- or- coin- envelopes- which- should- then- be- folded- and- sealed-
in- larger- envelopes.- Label- the- outer- sealed- envelope.
•- If- hair- is- attached,- such- as- in- dry- blood,- or- caught- in- metal- or- a- crack- of- glass,-
do- not- attempt- to- remove- it- but- rather- leave- hair- intact- on- the- object.- If- the-
object- is- small,- mark- it,- wrap- it,- and- seal- it- in- an- envelope.- If- the- object- is- large,-
wrap- the- area- containing- the- hair- in- paper- to- prevent- loss- of- hairs- during-
shipment.
•- How- is- hair- In- rape- cases- best- collected- from- the- suspect,- victim,- and- crime-
scene?- How- many- samples- do- you- need- for- comparision- (head- and- pubic),- do- you-
cut- or- pluck- them?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - the- victim's- pubic- region- should- be-
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
How- should- liquid- blood- stains- be- collected- and- stored?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- -
Blood- that- is- in- liquid- pools- should- be- picked- up- on- a- gauze- pad- or- other- clean-
sterile- cotton- cloth- and- allowed- to- air- dry- thoroughly,- at- room- temperature.- It-
should- be- refrigerated- or- frozen- as- soon- as- possible- and- brought- to- the- Laboratory-
as- quickly- as- possible.- Delays- beyond- 48- hours- may- make- the- samples- useless.
How- should- dried- blood- stains- be- collected- and- stored?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •-
On- clothing,- if- possible,- wrap- the- item- in- clean- paper,- place- the- article- in- a-
brown- paper- bag- or- box- and- seal- and- label- container.- Do- not- attempt- to- remove-
stains- from- the- cloth.-
•- On- small- solid- objects,- send- the- whole- stained- object- to- the- Laboratory,- after-
labeling- and- packaging.
•- On- large- solid- objects,- cover- the- stained- area- with- clean- paper- and- seal- the-
edges- down- with- tape- to- prevent- loss- or- contamination.- If- impractical- to- deliver-
the- whole- object- to- the- Laboratory,- scrape- the- stain- onto- a- clean- piece- of- paper,-
which- can- be- folded- and- placed- in- an- envelope.- Do- not- scrape- directly- into-
evidence- envelope.- Scrape- blood- from- objects- using- a- freshly- washed- and- dried-
knife- or- similar- tool.- Wash- and- dry- the- tool- before- each- stain- is- scraped- off.- Seal-
and- mark- the- envelope.
•- Do- not- mix- dried- stains.- Place- each- stain- in- a- separate- envelope.
•- Never- attempt- to- wipe- dried- stains- from- an- object- using- a- moistened- cloth- or-
paper.
,How- are- autopsy- blood- samples- collected?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - Request- that-
pathologist- obtain- the- sample- directly- from- the- heart- into- a- yellow- (ACD)- or-
purple- stoppered- vacutainer- (some- labs- request- both).- In- rare- cases- when- no- liquid-
blood- is- available,- ask- pathologist- to- collect- a- section- of- liver,- bone,- and/or- deep-
muscle- tissue- and- freeze- for- typing.- In- such- cases,- proceed- also- with- collection- of-
a- secondary- standard- as- described- below.
How- do- you- collect- blood- samples- from- a- live- victim?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - For-
typing- purposes,- have- sample- drawn- into- yellow- and- purple- stoppered- vacutainers.-
Note- these- are- distinguished- from- the- BA- tubes- which- have- grey- stoppers.
If- the- victim- is- injured- to- the- extent- that- a- transfusion- is- necessary,- make- an-
effort- to- obtain- or- begin- necessary- procedures- to- obtain- the- pre-transfusion- sample-
collected- by- the- hospital.- These- samples- are- not- retained- for- long- periods- by- the-
hospital,- so- it- is- important- to- act- promptly.- Also,- make- sure- that- some-
bloodstained- garment- worn- by- the- individual- has- been- air- dried- and- frozen- to-
serve- as- a- secondary- standard.
What- is- the- steps- in- handling- and- storage- of- physiological- fluid- evidence?- --
CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - Stains- and- Controls
1.- Air- dry-
2.- Package- in- paper-
3.- Freeze-
Consider- special- handling- of- non-absorbent- items- on- (metal- or- plastic).- Any-
condensation- from- thawing- could- disturb- or- destroy- such- evidence.- Such- items-
should- be- kept- at- room- temperature- and- submitted- to- the- lab- as- soon- as- possible.
Basic- rules- of- blood- storage- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •- Refrigerate,- do- not- freeze-
standards- collected- in- yellow- stoppered- vacutainers.
•- Submit- to- the- lab- as- soon- as- possible.
What- are- the- basic- rules- of- saliva- collection- and- storage?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •-
Collect- on- a- sterile- gauze- pad- or- swabs,- allow- to- air- dry- and- package- in- paper.- Do-
not- use- plastic- containers.
, Where- are- seminal- stains- usually- found- and- what- is- the- proper- packaging- of-
them?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - •- Seminal- stains- are- often,- but- not- always,- found-
on- clothing,- blankets,- sheets.- Allow- any- stains- to- air- dry,- wrap- in- paper,- and-
package- evidence- in- paper- bags.- Do- not- use- plastic- bags.
How- do- you- handle- evidence- collection- in- a- sex- offense- case.- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-
- - the- victim- should- always- be- examined- by- a- physician.- A- Sexual- Assault- Evidence-
Collection- Kit- is- used- to- collect- evidence- from- the- victim.- It- is- very- important- that-
the- instructions- on- the- kit- be- followed- with- care- in- order- to- gain- the- greatest-
benefit- from- the- collected- evidence.
•- Label- all- garments- such- as- undershorts,- panties,- or- other- exhibits- and- package-
each- garment- separately.
•- If- damp,- allow- fabric- to- dry- completely- before- packaging.
•- Handle- fabrics- as- little- as- possible.
Hair- collected- at- a- crime- scene- is- collected- and- packaged,- how?- -- CORRECT-
ANSWERS-- - •- An- examination- of- human- hair- can- occasionally- reveal- the- possible-
race- of- the- individual- from- whom- it- came- and- the- part- of- the- body- from- which- it-
originated.
•- Human- hair- can- be- compared- to- determine- whether- or- not- two- samples- could-
have- had- a- common- origin.- The- value- of- the- Laboratory- examinations- of- such-
specimens- will- depend- upon- the- amount- of- hair- recovered- and- the- characteristics-
found- in- the- examinations.
•- Recover- all- hair- present.- If- possible,- use- the- fingers- or- tweezers- to- pick- up- hair,-
place- in- paper- bindles- or- coin- envelopes- which- should- then- be- folded- and- sealed-
in- larger- envelopes.- Label- the- outer- sealed- envelope.
•- If- hair- is- attached,- such- as- in- dry- blood,- or- caught- in- metal- or- a- crack- of- glass,-
do- not- attempt- to- remove- it- but- rather- leave- hair- intact- on- the- object.- If- the-
object- is- small,- mark- it,- wrap- it,- and- seal- it- in- an- envelope.- If- the- object- is- large,-
wrap- the- area- containing- the- hair- in- paper- to- prevent- loss- of- hairs- during-
shipment.
•- How- is- hair- In- rape- cases- best- collected- from- the- suspect,- victim,- and- crime-
scene?- How- many- samples- do- you- need- for- comparision- (head- and- pubic),- do- you-
cut- or- pluck- them?- -- CORRECT- ANSWERS-- - the- victim's- pubic- region- should- be-
