NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 MARYVILLE
Questions And Answers
What bfactors bare bassociated bwith bclinical bjudgment bwhen bprescribing bmedications?
b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Prescribing ba bdrug bis bbased bon ba bthorough bassessment bof
bthe bpatient band bthe bpatient's benvironment. bThe bdetermination bof bpotential bmedical
band bnursing bdiagnoses, ba breview bof bthe bpotential balternative btherapies, bspecific
bknowledge babout bthe bdrug bchosen, band bthe bdisease bprocess bit bis bgoing bto btreat,
bknown bas bpatient bcentered bcare. bThe bbest btherapy bis busually bthe bleast binvasive,
bleast bexpensive, band bthe bleast blikely bto bcause badverse breactions
What bare bthe bcriteria bfor bchoosing ban beffective bdrug? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Multiple bdrugs bmay bbe bable bto btreat ba bspecific bcondition. bYou bmust
bconsult bnationally brecognized bguidelines bfor bdisease bmanagement bto bdetermine
bthe bmost beffective bdrug.
How bdoes bhypoalbuminemia baffect bthe bprocess bof bprescribing? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Many bdrugs bthat bcarry ban belectric bcharge bare bbound bto balbumin bin
bthe bblood. bThe bdistribution bof bthe bdrug bto btarget btissues bmay bbe baffected bif
bhypoalbuminemia bis bpresent.
What bis bthe bdrug's bhalf-life? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔In bclinical bpractice bit btakes
babout bfour bto bfive btimes bthe bhalf-life bfor ba bdrugs bconcentration bto bread bsteady
bstate bafter ba bdrug bis bstarted, bstopped bor bchanged. bHal blife bis bthe bamount bof
btime bfor ba bdrug bto bbe bhalf bcleared.
What bis bmeant bby bthe bonset bof baction, bpeak bof baction, bduration bof baction bof
bmedications? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bonset bof baction bis bthe btime bbetween bthe
bdrug badministration band bthe btime bthat byou bsee bthe bdrugs bminimum beffect. bOnset
bis bthe bfirst bsign bof ba bdrugs btherapeutic beffect. bPeak bof baction bis bthe btime bof bthe
bmaximum bconcentration bof bthe bdrug bin bthe bblood. bDuration bof baction bis bthe bonset
bof baction band bthe bmetabolism bof bthe bdrug bbelow bthe bdose bneeded bfor ban beffect.
, Explain bfirst bpass bmetabolism. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔This boccurs bwhen bthe
bconcentration bof bthe bdrug bis bgreatly breduced bbefore bit breaches bthe bsystemic
bcirculation. bIt bis bthe bportion bof bthe bdrug blost bduring babsorption. bGenerally, boccurs
bin bthe bliver bor bgut bwall. bAfter ba bdrug bis bswallowed bit bis babsorbed bby bthe
bdigestive bsystem band benters bthe bhepatic bsystem. bIt bis bthen bcarried bby bthe bportal
bvein bto bthe bliver bbefore bit breaches bthe brest bof bthe bbody. bThe bliver bmetabolizes
bmany bdrugs bto bsuch ban bextent bthat bonly ba bsmall bportion bof bthe bdrug breaches
bthe brest bof bthe bbody. bbioavailability bof bthe bdrug bthus bis bgreatly breduced bby bthe
bliver. bSublingual badministration bcan bbypass bthe bfirst bpass bsystem bplus bit bis balso
bfaster bthan boral broute.
What bis ba bsteady bstate? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The boverall bintake bof ba bdrug bis
bfairly band bdynamic bequilibrium bwith bits belimination. bSteady bstate bis breached bwhen
bthe btime bof bfour bto bfive btimes bthe bhalf-life bis breached bsince bthe bdrug bhad bbeen
bstarted.
What bfactors baffect bthe bdrug's babsorption? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Absorption
binvolves bseveral bsteps. bFirst bthe bdrug bmust bbe bintroduced bvia broute bof
badministration band bthe bform bof bmedication blike btablet bor bcapsule. bIn bIV bor bIM
badministration bthe babsorption bis bless bvariable band bbioavailability bis bnear b100%. bIV
badministration bis bconsidered bto blose bno bportion bof bthe bdrug. bThe bfastest broute bof
babsorption bis binhalation. bDrugs bmust bpass bthrough bthe bepithelial bcells bof bthe bGI
btract bto bbe babsorbed bby bthe bcirculatory bsystem. bCell bmembranes bmay baffect bthe
babsorption bof bsome bdrugs bbecause bthey bare bmade bof blipid bbilayers bthat bare bsemi
bpermeable. bThis bmeans bonly bsmall buncharged bsolutes bcan bpass bthrough bthe
bmembrane. bWhether bor bnot ba bmolecule bis bionized baffects bthe babsorption, bsince
bionic bmolecules bare bcharged. bSolubility bfavors bcharged bspecies. bPermeability
bfavors bneutral bspecies. bSome bmolecules bhave bspecial bchannels bto bfacilitate
bmovement bfrom bthe blumen binto bthe bcirculation. bThe bHenderson bHasselbeck
bequation boffers ba bway bto bdetermine bthe bportion bthat bis bionized bin ba bgiven bpH.
bWeak bacids bwill bbe bpresent bin btheir bnonionic bform bin bthe bstomach bbecause bof
bthe bacidic bpH band bbases bwill bbe bin btheir bionic bform. bNonionic bspecies bdiffuse
beasier bthrough bcell bmembranes. bWeak bacids bhave ba bhigher babsorption brate bin
bthe bstomach. bThe bopposite bis btrue bin bthe bbasic benvironment bof bthe bstomach.
Identify bdrug bmetabolism band bthe brole bof bthe bisoenzymes bof bthe bP450 bsystem. b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔CYPs bare bthe bmajor benzymes bin bdrug bmetabolism. bMust
bdrugs bundergo bdeactivation bby bCYPs bare bdirectly bfacilitated bsecretion bfrom bthe
bbody. bMany bsubstances bare bbioactivated bby bCYPs bto bform btheir bactive
bcompound. bMany bdrugs bincrease bor bdecrease bthe bactivity bof bCYPs bisoenzymes
beither bby binducing bbiosynthesis bof ban bisozyme, bwhich bis benzyme binduction bor bby
bdirectly binhibiting bthe bactivity bof bCYP bwhich bis benzyme binhibition. bThis bis ba bmajor
bsource bof badverse bdrug breactions bsince bchanges bin bCYPs bactivity bmay baffect bthe
bmetabolism band bclearance bof bcertain bdrugs. bWhen btwo bdrugs bare bboth
bmetabolized bby bthe bCYP450 bsystem bthe bdrugs bshould bbe badministered bat
bseparate btimes bto bprevent btoxic beffects.
Questions And Answers
What bfactors bare bassociated bwith bclinical bjudgment bwhen bprescribing bmedications?
b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Prescribing ba bdrug bis bbased bon ba bthorough bassessment bof
bthe bpatient band bthe bpatient's benvironment. bThe bdetermination bof bpotential bmedical
band bnursing bdiagnoses, ba breview bof bthe bpotential balternative btherapies, bspecific
bknowledge babout bthe bdrug bchosen, band bthe bdisease bprocess bit bis bgoing bto btreat,
bknown bas bpatient bcentered bcare. bThe bbest btherapy bis busually bthe bleast binvasive,
bleast bexpensive, band bthe bleast blikely bto bcause badverse breactions
What bare bthe bcriteria bfor bchoosing ban beffective bdrug? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Multiple bdrugs bmay bbe bable bto btreat ba bspecific bcondition. bYou bmust
bconsult bnationally brecognized bguidelines bfor bdisease bmanagement bto bdetermine
bthe bmost beffective bdrug.
How bdoes bhypoalbuminemia baffect bthe bprocess bof bprescribing? b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Many bdrugs bthat bcarry ban belectric bcharge bare bbound bto balbumin bin
bthe bblood. bThe bdistribution bof bthe bdrug bto btarget btissues bmay bbe baffected bif
bhypoalbuminemia bis bpresent.
What bis bthe bdrug's bhalf-life? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔In bclinical bpractice bit btakes
babout bfour bto bfive btimes bthe bhalf-life bfor ba bdrugs bconcentration bto bread bsteady
bstate bafter ba bdrug bis bstarted, bstopped bor bchanged. bHal blife bis bthe bamount bof
btime bfor ba bdrug bto bbe bhalf bcleared.
What bis bmeant bby bthe bonset bof baction, bpeak bof baction, bduration bof baction bof
bmedications? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bonset bof baction bis bthe btime bbetween bthe
bdrug badministration band bthe btime bthat byou bsee bthe bdrugs bminimum beffect. bOnset
bis bthe bfirst bsign bof ba bdrugs btherapeutic beffect. bPeak bof baction bis bthe btime bof bthe
bmaximum bconcentration bof bthe bdrug bin bthe bblood. bDuration bof baction bis bthe bonset
bof baction band bthe bmetabolism bof bthe bdrug bbelow bthe bdose bneeded bfor ban beffect.
, Explain bfirst bpass bmetabolism. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔This boccurs bwhen bthe
bconcentration bof bthe bdrug bis bgreatly breduced bbefore bit breaches bthe bsystemic
bcirculation. bIt bis bthe bportion bof bthe bdrug blost bduring babsorption. bGenerally, boccurs
bin bthe bliver bor bgut bwall. bAfter ba bdrug bis bswallowed bit bis babsorbed bby bthe
bdigestive bsystem band benters bthe bhepatic bsystem. bIt bis bthen bcarried bby bthe bportal
bvein bto bthe bliver bbefore bit breaches bthe brest bof bthe bbody. bThe bliver bmetabolizes
bmany bdrugs bto bsuch ban bextent bthat bonly ba bsmall bportion bof bthe bdrug breaches
bthe brest bof bthe bbody. bbioavailability bof bthe bdrug bthus bis bgreatly breduced bby bthe
bliver. bSublingual badministration bcan bbypass bthe bfirst bpass bsystem bplus bit bis balso
bfaster bthan boral broute.
What bis ba bsteady bstate? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The boverall bintake bof ba bdrug bis
bfairly band bdynamic bequilibrium bwith bits belimination. bSteady bstate bis breached bwhen
bthe btime bof bfour bto bfive btimes bthe bhalf-life bis breached bsince bthe bdrug bhad bbeen
bstarted.
What bfactors baffect bthe bdrug's babsorption? b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Absorption
binvolves bseveral bsteps. bFirst bthe bdrug bmust bbe bintroduced bvia broute bof
badministration band bthe bform bof bmedication blike btablet bor bcapsule. bIn bIV bor bIM
badministration bthe babsorption bis bless bvariable band bbioavailability bis bnear b100%. bIV
badministration bis bconsidered bto blose bno bportion bof bthe bdrug. bThe bfastest broute bof
babsorption bis binhalation. bDrugs bmust bpass bthrough bthe bepithelial bcells bof bthe bGI
btract bto bbe babsorbed bby bthe bcirculatory bsystem. bCell bmembranes bmay baffect bthe
babsorption bof bsome bdrugs bbecause bthey bare bmade bof blipid bbilayers bthat bare bsemi
bpermeable. bThis bmeans bonly bsmall buncharged bsolutes bcan bpass bthrough bthe
bmembrane. bWhether bor bnot ba bmolecule bis bionized baffects bthe babsorption, bsince
bionic bmolecules bare bcharged. bSolubility bfavors bcharged bspecies. bPermeability
bfavors bneutral bspecies. bSome bmolecules bhave bspecial bchannels bto bfacilitate
bmovement bfrom bthe blumen binto bthe bcirculation. bThe bHenderson bHasselbeck
bequation boffers ba bway bto bdetermine bthe bportion bthat bis bionized bin ba bgiven bpH.
bWeak bacids bwill bbe bpresent bin btheir bnonionic bform bin bthe bstomach bbecause bof
bthe bacidic bpH band bbases bwill bbe bin btheir bionic bform. bNonionic bspecies bdiffuse
beasier bthrough bcell bmembranes. bWeak bacids bhave ba bhigher babsorption brate bin
bthe bstomach. bThe bopposite bis btrue bin bthe bbasic benvironment bof bthe bstomach.
Identify bdrug bmetabolism band bthe brole bof bthe bisoenzymes bof bthe bP450 bsystem. b-
bcorrect banswers✔✔CYPs bare bthe bmajor benzymes bin bdrug bmetabolism. bMust
bdrugs bundergo bdeactivation bby bCYPs bare bdirectly bfacilitated bsecretion bfrom bthe
bbody. bMany bsubstances bare bbioactivated bby bCYPs bto bform btheir bactive
bcompound. bMany bdrugs bincrease bor bdecrease bthe bactivity bof bCYPs bisoenzymes
beither bby binducing bbiosynthesis bof ban bisozyme, bwhich bis benzyme binduction bor bby
bdirectly binhibiting bthe bactivity bof bCYP bwhich bis benzyme binhibition. bThis bis ba bmajor
bsource bof badverse bdrug breactions bsince bchanges bin bCYPs bactivity bmay baffect bthe
bmetabolism band bclearance bof bcertain bdrugs. bWhen btwo bdrugs bare bboth
bmetabolized bby bthe bCYP450 bsystem bthe bdrugs bshould bbe badministered bat
bseparate btimes bto bprevent btoxic beffects.
