COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY – D570 – WESTERN GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY – 2025 COMPLETE
LECTURE REVIEW & A+ GRADED EXAM QUESTIONS
What is measured by the paper folding test? - ANSWER****Spatial Imagery
What is mental imagery? - ANSWER****The ability to recreate sensory information without
physical stimuli
How does a circadian change in body temperature influence the sleep-wake cycle? -
ANSWER****decreases in body temperature promote sleepiness
How does the suprachiasmatic nucleus receive information - ANSWER****through a neural
pathway from the retina
How does sleep debt affect humans - ANSWER****it increases reaction time
how does selective attention help humans survive - ANSWER****it allows humans to focus on
information in their environment
Which example is a risk factor associated with SIDS - ANSWER****being exposed to
hyperthermia
Which sleep difficulty does a person with insomnia experience - ANSWER****trouble falling
and staying asleep at night
how does sleep apnea reduce a person's sleep quality - ANSWER****by causing a person to
wake up several times a night
,what type of treatment reduces symptoms of narcolepsy - ANSWER****taking a stimulant
medication
how does hypnosis alter a person's state of consciousness - ANSWER****by creating global
changes in brain functioning
how does ketamine create an altered state of consciousness - ANSWER****modifying time
perception
how does alcohol alter a person's state of consciuosness - ANSWER****increases the amount
of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain
how does codeine alter a person's state of consciousness - ANSWER****reducing minor
feelings of pain
How did Tulving's idea of mental time travel strengthen the field's understanding of long-term
memory - ANSWER****introduced distinction between the experiences of long-term episodic
memory and semantic memory
Which example shows how semanticization of remote memories relates to loss of episodic
memory details - ANSWER****person knows the names of the continents but cannot
remember where they learned them
which example shows how state-dependent learning differs from encoding specificity -
ANSWER****sdl is a match between a person's mood during encoding and retrieval, but
encoding specificity contexts of encoding and retrieval are matched.
Which scenario shows how sensory and short-term memory combine to allow a person to recall
the name of a prospective new co-worker during a job interview? - ANSWER****interviewee
,hears the name of potential co-worker, then silently repeats their name to be able to correctly
greet them by name
Student is reviewing small set of new spelling words. Which example shos how attention can
facilitate short-term memory for spelling words in line with Atkinson's and Shiffrin's modal
model of memory - ANSWER****student focuses on elements of the words that are
particularly complicated
Which scenario is consistent with the self-image hypthesis - ANSWER****older adult's
memory is enhanced when they look back on the birth of their first child at age 25
How does having an emotionally stressful argument affect memory consolidation -
ANSWER****memory for this incident will be strengthened for a duration of time after the
argument
how is stress associated with process of consolidating memories - ANSWER****stress releases
hormones that impact the central nervous system, affecting memory transformation
A person is recalling an event that started a war. Which scenario describes a flashbulb memory?
- ANSWER****Person can recall the goosebumps they felt when they first heard about the
war events on a new broadcast
What was the significant outcome of Saul Kassin's research on false confessions? -
ANSWER****recommendation to forbid the practice of presenting false evidence during
police interrogations
analytic introspection - ANSWER****a technique used by Wilhelm Wundt that involved
trained participants describing their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli
, artificial intelligence - ANSWER****a field of study aiming to make machines behave in ways
that would be considered intelligent if a human were behaving that way as defined by John
McCarthy during the Dartmouth conference
behaviorism - ANSWER****an approach to psychology founded by John Watson that
emphasizes the study of observable behavior and rejects introspection and the investigation of
unobservable mental processes
classical conditioning - ANSWER****a form of learning introduced by Ivan Pavlov and
associated with John Watson, wherein a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful
stimulus, resulting in a learned response
cognition - ANSWER****all mental abilities, including perceiving, learning, remembering,
thinking, reasoning, and understanding
cognitive psychology - ANSWER****the study of mental processes, encompassing
characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates
cognitive paradigm - ANSWER****the approach of focusing on understanding mental
processes and the operation of the mind which emerged during the cognitive revolution
cognitive revolution - ANSWER****a shift in psychology from behaviorism to a focus on
understanding mental processes, which occurred during the 1950s and was marked by events
such as conferences on artificial intelligence and information theory
decision-making process - ANSWER****the mental process involved in making choices as
inferred from behavior in Donder's experiment
LECTURE REVIEW & A+ GRADED EXAM QUESTIONS
What is measured by the paper folding test? - ANSWER****Spatial Imagery
What is mental imagery? - ANSWER****The ability to recreate sensory information without
physical stimuli
How does a circadian change in body temperature influence the sleep-wake cycle? -
ANSWER****decreases in body temperature promote sleepiness
How does the suprachiasmatic nucleus receive information - ANSWER****through a neural
pathway from the retina
How does sleep debt affect humans - ANSWER****it increases reaction time
how does selective attention help humans survive - ANSWER****it allows humans to focus on
information in their environment
Which example is a risk factor associated with SIDS - ANSWER****being exposed to
hyperthermia
Which sleep difficulty does a person with insomnia experience - ANSWER****trouble falling
and staying asleep at night
how does sleep apnea reduce a person's sleep quality - ANSWER****by causing a person to
wake up several times a night
,what type of treatment reduces symptoms of narcolepsy - ANSWER****taking a stimulant
medication
how does hypnosis alter a person's state of consciousness - ANSWER****by creating global
changes in brain functioning
how does ketamine create an altered state of consciousness - ANSWER****modifying time
perception
how does alcohol alter a person's state of consciuosness - ANSWER****increases the amount
of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain
how does codeine alter a person's state of consciousness - ANSWER****reducing minor
feelings of pain
How did Tulving's idea of mental time travel strengthen the field's understanding of long-term
memory - ANSWER****introduced distinction between the experiences of long-term episodic
memory and semantic memory
Which example shows how semanticization of remote memories relates to loss of episodic
memory details - ANSWER****person knows the names of the continents but cannot
remember where they learned them
which example shows how state-dependent learning differs from encoding specificity -
ANSWER****sdl is a match between a person's mood during encoding and retrieval, but
encoding specificity contexts of encoding and retrieval are matched.
Which scenario shows how sensory and short-term memory combine to allow a person to recall
the name of a prospective new co-worker during a job interview? - ANSWER****interviewee
,hears the name of potential co-worker, then silently repeats their name to be able to correctly
greet them by name
Student is reviewing small set of new spelling words. Which example shos how attention can
facilitate short-term memory for spelling words in line with Atkinson's and Shiffrin's modal
model of memory - ANSWER****student focuses on elements of the words that are
particularly complicated
Which scenario is consistent with the self-image hypthesis - ANSWER****older adult's
memory is enhanced when they look back on the birth of their first child at age 25
How does having an emotionally stressful argument affect memory consolidation -
ANSWER****memory for this incident will be strengthened for a duration of time after the
argument
how is stress associated with process of consolidating memories - ANSWER****stress releases
hormones that impact the central nervous system, affecting memory transformation
A person is recalling an event that started a war. Which scenario describes a flashbulb memory?
- ANSWER****Person can recall the goosebumps they felt when they first heard about the
war events on a new broadcast
What was the significant outcome of Saul Kassin's research on false confessions? -
ANSWER****recommendation to forbid the practice of presenting false evidence during
police interrogations
analytic introspection - ANSWER****a technique used by Wilhelm Wundt that involved
trained participants describing their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli
, artificial intelligence - ANSWER****a field of study aiming to make machines behave in ways
that would be considered intelligent if a human were behaving that way as defined by John
McCarthy during the Dartmouth conference
behaviorism - ANSWER****an approach to psychology founded by John Watson that
emphasizes the study of observable behavior and rejects introspection and the investigation of
unobservable mental processes
classical conditioning - ANSWER****a form of learning introduced by Ivan Pavlov and
associated with John Watson, wherein a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful
stimulus, resulting in a learned response
cognition - ANSWER****all mental abilities, including perceiving, learning, remembering,
thinking, reasoning, and understanding
cognitive psychology - ANSWER****the study of mental processes, encompassing
characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates
cognitive paradigm - ANSWER****the approach of focusing on understanding mental
processes and the operation of the mind which emerged during the cognitive revolution
cognitive revolution - ANSWER****a shift in psychology from behaviorism to a focus on
understanding mental processes, which occurred during the 1950s and was marked by events
such as conferences on artificial intelligence and information theory
decision-making process - ANSWER****the mental process involved in making choices as
inferred from behavior in Donder's experiment
