pharmacology OA WGU
Drug cycle - ANS absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
absorption - ANS medication absorbed in GI mucosa.
what effects absorption rate - ANS fat, pH, concentration of medication, length of contact, age,
food, depth of breathing
distribution - ANS medication transported via circulatory system to point of action
metabolism - ANS medication metabolized by liver
excretion - ANS drug removed from body so they don't build up
US pharmacopia - ANS created in 1820, where first listed drug standards
controlled substance act of 1970 - ANS required hospitals to register with DEA
NCC MERP A - ANS no error, capacity to cause error
NCC MERP B - ANS error that didn't reach the patient
NCC MERP C - ANS error that reached patient but unlikely to cause harm
NCC MERP D - ANS error that reached the patient, could have necessitated monitoring and/or
intervention to preclude harm
NCC MERP E - ANS error that could have caused temporary harm
NCC MERP F - ANS error that could have caused temporary harm requiring initial, prolonged
hospitalization
NCC MERP G - ANS error that could have resulted in permanent harm
NCC MERP H - ANS error that could have necessitated intervention to sustain life
NCC MERP I - ANS error that could have resulted in death
FDA pregnancy risk A - ANS lowest, studies have not shown a risk to mother, fetus
, FDA pregnancy risk B - ANS slight, animal studies haven't shown risk to fetus, human studies
have not
FDA pregnancy risk C - ANS moderate, animal studies have shown risk to fetus, controlled
studies not performed on women
FDA pregnancy risk D - ANS risky, studies shows drugs may harm fetus, may use if another
safer therapy is unavailable
FDA pregnancy risk X - ANS highest, studies shown significant risk to mother, fetus
when is the fetus vulnerable to medication - ANS first, third trimester
schedule I drugs - ANS high, not accepted medical use in US
schedule II drugs - ANS high, may lead to severe dependence, no refills unless a written
perscription
schedule III drugs - ANS less than drugs, substances in schedule I/II, may lead to moderate
dependence, high psychological dependence
refill 5 times within 6 months
schedule IV drugs - ANS low relative to substances in schedule III, may lead to limited
dependence. phone, fax of prescription allowed
schedule V drugs - ANS low, relative to substances in schedule IV, may lead to limited
dependence
class I recall - ANS dangerous drug, defective product could cause serious health problems,
death
class II recall - ANS product might cause temporary health problem, pose slight threat of
serious nature
class III recall - ANS product that's unlikely to cause any adverse health reaction, but violates
FDA labeling, manufacturing laws
phase I clinical trials - ANS determine safety, few healthy participants take drug for several
months to measure any harmful events
phase II clinical trials - ANS main goals of these trails is to see whether a drug works as desired
phase III clinical trials - ANS drugs that have been proven to be safe, effective. conducted in
hospitals, offices, clinics, testing for safety, effectiveness, dosage, therapeutic does
Drug cycle - ANS absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
absorption - ANS medication absorbed in GI mucosa.
what effects absorption rate - ANS fat, pH, concentration of medication, length of contact, age,
food, depth of breathing
distribution - ANS medication transported via circulatory system to point of action
metabolism - ANS medication metabolized by liver
excretion - ANS drug removed from body so they don't build up
US pharmacopia - ANS created in 1820, where first listed drug standards
controlled substance act of 1970 - ANS required hospitals to register with DEA
NCC MERP A - ANS no error, capacity to cause error
NCC MERP B - ANS error that didn't reach the patient
NCC MERP C - ANS error that reached patient but unlikely to cause harm
NCC MERP D - ANS error that reached the patient, could have necessitated monitoring and/or
intervention to preclude harm
NCC MERP E - ANS error that could have caused temporary harm
NCC MERP F - ANS error that could have caused temporary harm requiring initial, prolonged
hospitalization
NCC MERP G - ANS error that could have resulted in permanent harm
NCC MERP H - ANS error that could have necessitated intervention to sustain life
NCC MERP I - ANS error that could have resulted in death
FDA pregnancy risk A - ANS lowest, studies have not shown a risk to mother, fetus
, FDA pregnancy risk B - ANS slight, animal studies haven't shown risk to fetus, human studies
have not
FDA pregnancy risk C - ANS moderate, animal studies have shown risk to fetus, controlled
studies not performed on women
FDA pregnancy risk D - ANS risky, studies shows drugs may harm fetus, may use if another
safer therapy is unavailable
FDA pregnancy risk X - ANS highest, studies shown significant risk to mother, fetus
when is the fetus vulnerable to medication - ANS first, third trimester
schedule I drugs - ANS high, not accepted medical use in US
schedule II drugs - ANS high, may lead to severe dependence, no refills unless a written
perscription
schedule III drugs - ANS less than drugs, substances in schedule I/II, may lead to moderate
dependence, high psychological dependence
refill 5 times within 6 months
schedule IV drugs - ANS low relative to substances in schedule III, may lead to limited
dependence. phone, fax of prescription allowed
schedule V drugs - ANS low, relative to substances in schedule IV, may lead to limited
dependence
class I recall - ANS dangerous drug, defective product could cause serious health problems,
death
class II recall - ANS product might cause temporary health problem, pose slight threat of
serious nature
class III recall - ANS product that's unlikely to cause any adverse health reaction, but violates
FDA labeling, manufacturing laws
phase I clinical trials - ANS determine safety, few healthy participants take drug for several
months to measure any harmful events
phase II clinical trials - ANS main goals of these trails is to see whether a drug works as desired
phase III clinical trials - ANS drugs that have been proven to be safe, effective. conducted in
hospitals, offices, clinics, testing for safety, effectiveness, dosage, therapeutic does
