AP Gov Review Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers
Amendment Process - ANSWER✔✔-Two Ways: 2/3rds majority in both houses of congress then
to States to ratify, or in constitutional conventions (never been used)
Articles of Confederation - ANSWER✔✔-Pre-Constitution, was adopted by the second continental
congress in 1781 during the revolution. Limited because states held most of the power, and congress
lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control money
Block Grants - ANSWER✔✔-Money sent to states to fund programs, not specifically allocated
Categorical Grants - ANSWER✔✔-Federal grants for specific purposes, often with strings attached.
"Commerce" Clause - ANSWER✔✔-Inter-State Commerce Clause of the constitution, allows
congress to regulate any trade or commercial (non-goods/trade) related activity that occurs over
state lines.
Concurrent Powers - ANSWER✔✔-Powers held by both states and federal government- like the
ability to collect taxes
Cooperative Federalism - ANSWER✔✔-Cooperation among federal, state, & local governments
"marble cake" federalism
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Delegated Powers - ANSWER✔✔-Powers specifically given to the federal government by the
constitution
Devolution Revolution - ANSWER✔✔-Returning powers to the States that had been given to the
federal government, product of Republican party control of gov't
Dual Federalism - ANSWER✔✔-A system of government in which both the states and the national
government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
Federalism - ANSWER✔✔-System of splitting power between state and federal government
Federalist Papers - ANSWER✔✔-Series of essays written by Hamilton, James Madison, and John
Jay (using the name "publius") published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt
the new constitution
Full Faith and Credit Clause - ANSWER✔✔-Clause in the Constitution (Article 4, Section 1)
requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and
to accept their public records and acts as valid.
Gibbons v. Ogden - ANSWER✔✔-A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court
interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the
power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity.
The Great Compromise - ANSWER✔✔-Created Bicameral legislature, compromise between New
Jersey and Virginia plans
Mandate - ANSWER✔✔-Requirement from the Federal Gov't to states, can be funded or not
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
and Answers
Amendment Process - ANSWER✔✔-Two Ways: 2/3rds majority in both houses of congress then
to States to ratify, or in constitutional conventions (never been used)
Articles of Confederation - ANSWER✔✔-Pre-Constitution, was adopted by the second continental
congress in 1781 during the revolution. Limited because states held most of the power, and congress
lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control money
Block Grants - ANSWER✔✔-Money sent to states to fund programs, not specifically allocated
Categorical Grants - ANSWER✔✔-Federal grants for specific purposes, often with strings attached.
"Commerce" Clause - ANSWER✔✔-Inter-State Commerce Clause of the constitution, allows
congress to regulate any trade or commercial (non-goods/trade) related activity that occurs over
state lines.
Concurrent Powers - ANSWER✔✔-Powers held by both states and federal government- like the
ability to collect taxes
Cooperative Federalism - ANSWER✔✔-Cooperation among federal, state, & local governments
"marble cake" federalism
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Delegated Powers - ANSWER✔✔-Powers specifically given to the federal government by the
constitution
Devolution Revolution - ANSWER✔✔-Returning powers to the States that had been given to the
federal government, product of Republican party control of gov't
Dual Federalism - ANSWER✔✔-A system of government in which both the states and the national
government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
Federalism - ANSWER✔✔-System of splitting power between state and federal government
Federalist Papers - ANSWER✔✔-Series of essays written by Hamilton, James Madison, and John
Jay (using the name "publius") published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt
the new constitution
Full Faith and Credit Clause - ANSWER✔✔-Clause in the Constitution (Article 4, Section 1)
requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and
to accept their public records and acts as valid.
Gibbons v. Ogden - ANSWER✔✔-A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court
interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the
power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity.
The Great Compromise - ANSWER✔✔-Created Bicameral legislature, compromise between New
Jersey and Virginia plans
Mandate - ANSWER✔✔-Requirement from the Federal Gov't to states, can be funded or not
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
