Portage Learning Medical Terminology
Module 5 Problem Set questions with
correct solutions
Name the four chambers and four valves in the heart. - correct answer Right and left atria, right and left
ventricles, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, aortic valve.
List the three layers of the heart muscle starting with the innermost layer. - correct answer The
endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
What is the function of the right side of the heart? What is the function of the left side of the heart? -
correct answer The function of the right side of the heart is to receive the deoxygenated blood from the
body tissues and to pump it to the lungs. The function of the left side of the heart is to receive
oxygenated blood from the lungs and to pump that blood out to the body tissues.
Fill in the blanks (A through E) to complete the route of blood circulation starting and ending with the
inferior and superior vena cava.
Inferior and superior vena cava, (A), tricuspid valve, right ventricle, (B), pulmonary artery, lungs,
pulmonary vein, (C), (D), left ventricle, (E), aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillary bed, venules, veins,
superior and inferior vena cava. - correct answer A-right atria, B-pulmonary valve, C-left atria, D-mitral
valve, E-aortic valve
What is the function of the capillary bed? - correct answer The capillary bed consists of microscopic
blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removes CO2 and other waste products
from the cells.
Describe the flow of electricity through the heart. Where does the electricity initiate? What stimulates
the contraction of the ventricles? - correct answer The flow of electricity starts in the sinoatrial node. It
travels through the internodal pathway through the atria to the atrioventricular node. From the AV
node, it travels to the bundle of His and then into the two bundle branches. The two bundle branches
stimulate the ventricles to contract
What is a pulse? Name 2 of the 7 common pulse sites. Describe the difference between the systolic
blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. - correct answer A pulse is the rhythmic wave in the
, wall of an artery that corresponds to the heartbeat. The common pulse sites are the temporal, carotid,
brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, and dorsalis pedis. The systolic blood pressure is the pressure when
the heart contracts, and the blood is pumped against the artery walls. The diastolic blood pressure is the
pressure in the artery when the heart is relaxed.
Name the structures in the airway that are responsible for trapping foreign bodies in the air as it comes
into the lungs. - correct answer The mucous membranes in the nose are responsible for producing
mucus that traps bacteria, dust, pollen, and other foreign bodies in the air that is inhaled.
Trace the flow of air from the entry point in the nose to the alveoli in the lungs. - correct answer Nose,
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
What holds the trachea always open and why is that important? What structures in the trachea prevent
foreign bodies from entering the lungs? - correct answer The trachea is held open by cartilage, and this
is important because the body constantly needs to breathe. The trachea is lined with a mucous
membrane that is covered with cilia that can trap small foreign bodies in the trachea and can sweep
them out of the windpipe.
What is the primary muscle responsible for breathing? Define inspiration and expiration. - correct
answer The primary muscle that is responsible for breathing is the diaphragm. Inspiration is the act of
drawing air into the lungs when the diaphragm flattens and contracts. Expiration is the act of pushing air
out of the lungs as the diaphragm relaxes and rises.
Which part of the brain controls the respiratory rate? Be familiar with the common respiratory rate
ranges for a newborn, adolescent, and adult. - correct answer The pons and the medulla oblongata
control the respiratory rate. Table 5.4 shows the common respiratory rate ranges for various age groups.
What is an electrocardiogram and a sphygmomanometer used for in the examination of the heart? -
correct answer An electrocardiogram is used to graph the electrical activity of the heart. (Section 5.2.5)
A sphygmomanometer is used to measure the blood pressure. (Section 5.2.6)
What is the pleura? What is the function of the pleura? How many lobes does the right lung have? The
left lung? What are the apexes and bases of the lungs? - correct answer The pleura is a specialized
membrane that covers the lungs and is designed to decrease friction as the lungs move with breathing.
The right lung has three lobes. The left lung has two lobes. The apex is the most superior part of the
lung. The base is the most inferior part of the lung.
Module 5 Problem Set questions with
correct solutions
Name the four chambers and four valves in the heart. - correct answer Right and left atria, right and left
ventricles, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, aortic valve.
List the three layers of the heart muscle starting with the innermost layer. - correct answer The
endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
What is the function of the right side of the heart? What is the function of the left side of the heart? -
correct answer The function of the right side of the heart is to receive the deoxygenated blood from the
body tissues and to pump it to the lungs. The function of the left side of the heart is to receive
oxygenated blood from the lungs and to pump that blood out to the body tissues.
Fill in the blanks (A through E) to complete the route of blood circulation starting and ending with the
inferior and superior vena cava.
Inferior and superior vena cava, (A), tricuspid valve, right ventricle, (B), pulmonary artery, lungs,
pulmonary vein, (C), (D), left ventricle, (E), aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillary bed, venules, veins,
superior and inferior vena cava. - correct answer A-right atria, B-pulmonary valve, C-left atria, D-mitral
valve, E-aortic valve
What is the function of the capillary bed? - correct answer The capillary bed consists of microscopic
blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removes CO2 and other waste products
from the cells.
Describe the flow of electricity through the heart. Where does the electricity initiate? What stimulates
the contraction of the ventricles? - correct answer The flow of electricity starts in the sinoatrial node. It
travels through the internodal pathway through the atria to the atrioventricular node. From the AV
node, it travels to the bundle of His and then into the two bundle branches. The two bundle branches
stimulate the ventricles to contract
What is a pulse? Name 2 of the 7 common pulse sites. Describe the difference between the systolic
blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. - correct answer A pulse is the rhythmic wave in the
, wall of an artery that corresponds to the heartbeat. The common pulse sites are the temporal, carotid,
brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, and dorsalis pedis. The systolic blood pressure is the pressure when
the heart contracts, and the blood is pumped against the artery walls. The diastolic blood pressure is the
pressure in the artery when the heart is relaxed.
Name the structures in the airway that are responsible for trapping foreign bodies in the air as it comes
into the lungs. - correct answer The mucous membranes in the nose are responsible for producing
mucus that traps bacteria, dust, pollen, and other foreign bodies in the air that is inhaled.
Trace the flow of air from the entry point in the nose to the alveoli in the lungs. - correct answer Nose,
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
What holds the trachea always open and why is that important? What structures in the trachea prevent
foreign bodies from entering the lungs? - correct answer The trachea is held open by cartilage, and this
is important because the body constantly needs to breathe. The trachea is lined with a mucous
membrane that is covered with cilia that can trap small foreign bodies in the trachea and can sweep
them out of the windpipe.
What is the primary muscle responsible for breathing? Define inspiration and expiration. - correct
answer The primary muscle that is responsible for breathing is the diaphragm. Inspiration is the act of
drawing air into the lungs when the diaphragm flattens and contracts. Expiration is the act of pushing air
out of the lungs as the diaphragm relaxes and rises.
Which part of the brain controls the respiratory rate? Be familiar with the common respiratory rate
ranges for a newborn, adolescent, and adult. - correct answer The pons and the medulla oblongata
control the respiratory rate. Table 5.4 shows the common respiratory rate ranges for various age groups.
What is an electrocardiogram and a sphygmomanometer used for in the examination of the heart? -
correct answer An electrocardiogram is used to graph the electrical activity of the heart. (Section 5.2.5)
A sphygmomanometer is used to measure the blood pressure. (Section 5.2.6)
What is the pleura? What is the function of the pleura? How many lobes does the right lung have? The
left lung? What are the apexes and bases of the lungs? - correct answer The pleura is a specialized
membrane that covers the lungs and is designed to decrease friction as the lungs move with breathing.
The right lung has three lobes. The left lung has two lobes. The apex is the most superior part of the
lung. The base is the most inferior part of the lung.
