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Operationeel Management (Schakel): Samenvatting 2025

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Volledige samenvatting van Operationeel Management (schakeljaar) 2025 + volledig uitgewerkte voorbeelden + alle notities van de les Prof: Carlos Ocampo y Vilas

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OPERATIONEEL MANAGEMENT
Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1. Inleidende Definities.........................................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Wat is Operations Management?............................................................................................. 5
1.1.2. Wat is een Productiesysteem?................................................................................................. 6
1.1.3. Transformatieprocessen:......................................................................................................... 6
1.1.3. Definitie Producten en diensten?............................................................................................ 7
1.1.4. Verschillende “Views”............................................................................................................ 7
1.1.5. Transformatieproces van Inputs naar Outputs........................................................................ 8
1.1.5.1 Product Process Matrix...................................................................................................8
1.2. Globalisering: gevolgen....................................................................................................................9
1.3. Hoe is het gesteld met onze industriële sector?.............................................................................. 11
1.3.1. NOOD AAN EEN INDUSTRIEEL ECO-SYSTEEM........................................................ 12
Hoofdstuk 2: Voorraadbeheer: Deterministische modellen................................................................... 13
2.1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................13
2.2. Wat is Voorraad?............................................................................................................ 13
2.2.1 Waarom worden er voorraden aangehouden?....................................................... 14
2.2.2. Componenten van een voorraadsysteem.............................................................. 15
2.3. Soorten Kosten............................................................................................................... 16
2.4. Het meten van voorraad................................................................................................. 16
2.4.1. Voorraad profiel......................................................................................................18
2.4.2. Gevallenstudie....................................................................................................... 18
2.4.3. Wet van Little......................................................................................................... 21
2.5. Deterministische modellen..............................................................................................23
2.5.1 EOQ: aankoopmodel 1 product.............................................................................. 24
2.5.2. EOQ meerdere producten......................................................................................28
2.5.3. EPQ: productiemodel.............................................................................................31
2.5.4. Hoeveelheidskortingen.......................................................................................... 32
2.5.4.1. Hoeveelheidskortingen op alle eenheden van de bestelling.........................32
2.5.4.2. Hoeveelheidskortingen werkwijze.................................................................33
2.5.4.3. Forward buying: eenmalige korting...............................................................34
2.5.5. EOI: vast bestelinterval.......................................................................................... 34
Hoofdstuk 3: Voorraadbeheer: deterministische dynamische Vraag................................... 36
3.1. Dynamische ordergrootte modellen................................................................................37
3.1.1. Economic Order Quantity.......................................................................................37
3.1.2. Periodic Order Quantity......................................................................................... 38
3.1.3. Lot for Lot Ordering................................................................................................38
3.1.4. Least Unit Cost...................................................................................................... 39



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, 3.1.5. Least Total Cost..................................................................................................... 40
3.1.6. Silver-Meal (least period cost)............................................................................... 41
3.1.7. Wagner-Whitin....................................................................................................... 42
Hoofdstuk 4: Stochastische voorraadmodellen..................................................................... 43
4.1. Eenmalige cyclus............................................................................................................43
4.1.1. Oplossing via marginale analyse........................................................................... 44
4.1.2. Discrete kansverdeling...........................................................................................44
4.2. Meerdere bestelcycli met verloren verkoop.................................................................... 45
4.2.1. Formules................................................................................................................ 46
4.3. Meerdere bestelcycli met recupereerbare verkoop........................................................ 48
4.3.1. Formules................................................................................................................ 48
4.3.2. Continue kansverdeling......................................................................................... 51
4.3.3. Intermezzo: Centralisatie vs. decentralisatie......................................................... 52
4.3.3.1. Gedecentraliseerd beleid.............................................................................. 53
4.3.3.2. Centraliseerd beleid...................................................................................... 53
4.4. De kosten van een stockbreuk zijn niet gekend............................................................. 57
4.7 Voorraadpolitiek met vast bestelinterval.......................................................................... 60
4.8 Het minimum-maximumvoorraadmodel: de (s,S) bestelregel..........................................63
4.8.1 Het minimum-maximumvoorraadmodel (s,S)......................................................... 64
Hoofdstuk 5: MRP: Materiaalbehoefteplanning...................................................................... 68
5.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................... 68
5.1.1. MRP en ERP..........................................................................................................68
5.1.2. Het planning proces............................................................................................... 69
5.1.3. Tekortkomingen van ERP-systemen......................................................................69
5.2 Materiaalbehoefteplanning.............................................................................................. 70
5.2.1. MRP-registraties.................................................................................................... 70
5.2.2. Basis MRP-registraties (roosters).......................................................................... 71
5.2.2 De verwerkingslogica in een MRP-systeem........................................................... 72
5.2.2.1. Gemeenschappelijk gebruik..........................................................................73
5.2.3 Invoeren van wijzigingen.........................................................................................76
5.2.4. Systeem en MRP planner...................................................................................... 77
5.2.4.1. Orderuitgifte.................................................................................................. 77
Hoofdstuk 6: MPS: Materiaalbehoefte-planning..................................................................... 79
6.1. MPS-schema’s................................................................................................................79
6.2. MPS-omgevingen........................................................................................................... 80
6.3. Het finaal assemblageplan (FAS)................................................................................... 84
Hoofdstuk 7. Gedetailleerde productieplanning tegen eindige capaciteit........................... 85
7.1 Inleiding: capaciteitsgeoriënteerde planning....................................................................85
7.2 Probleemstelling.............................................................................................................. 85
7.2.1. Criteria voor een goed schedule............................................................................ 86




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, 7.2.2. Mogelijkheden (vrijheidsgraden) voor een goed schedule.....................................86
7.3. Theory of constraints (TOC)........................................................................................... 87
7.3.1. Productmixbeslissingen......................................................................................... 87
7.3.2. Ordergroottebeslissingen en -beperkingen............................................................88
4.3.2.1. 1 product....................................................................................................... 88
4.3.2.1. Meerdere producten......................................................................................89
Hoofdstuk 8. Factory Physics................................................................................................. 90
8.1. Flow-theorie.................................................................................................................... 91
8.1.1. Inleidend voorbeeld................................................................................................92
8.1.2. Algemeen...............................................................................................................93
8.1.3. Schatting van de doorlooptijd voor een basis-flow-systeem: 1 resource, 1 flouw..94
8.2. Wachtlijnsystemen.......................................................................................................... 96
8.2.1.Notatie.....................................................................................................................96
8.2.1.1. M/M/1............................................................................................................ 97
8.2.1.2 M/G/1............................................................................................................. 98
8.2.2. Enkele fundamentele observaties uit de flow-theorie............................................ 99
8.2.2.1. Observatie 1..................................................................................................99
8.2.2.2. Observatie 2................................................................................................100
8.2.2.3. Observatie 3................................................................................................100
8.2.2.4. Observatie 4................................................................................................101
8.2.2.5. Observatie 5................................................................................................102
8.3. Variabiliteit en doorlooptijd............................................................................................ 103
8.3.1. Variabiliteit ten gevolge van omstellingen en herwerken van producten............. 103
8.3.2. Gecombineerde variabiliteit................................................................................. 105
8.3.3. Beschikbaarheid van een machine...................................................................... 106
8.4. Schatting van doorlooptijd: meerde bewerking.............................................................107
8.4.1.Observatie 6..........................................................................................................109
8.4.2. Observatie 7.........................................................................................................109
Hoofdstuk 9: Lean operations................................................................................................ 110
9.1. Inleiding.........................................................................................................................110
9.2. JIT Productiefilosofie.....................................................................................................110
9.2.1. Voorraadreductie..................................................................................................110
9.2.2. Analytische onderbouw, lean operations, synoniemen........................................ 111
9.2.3. Just-In-Time (JIT) Definitie................................................................................... 111
9.2.4. JIT productiefilosofie: way of thinking...................................................................111
9.2.5. Oorsprong JIT: Toyota Concern Japan.................................................................111
9.2.5.1. De Japanse Benadering voor Productiviteit................................................ 112
9.3. Lean Manufacturing - TPS............................................................................................ 112
9.3.1. The Toyota Production System............................................................................ 112
9.3.1.1. muda, mura en muri (3 soorten waste)....................................................... 113




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, 9.4. Soorten verspillingen.................................................................................................... 113
9.4.1. Overtolligheden ten gevolge van overproductie...................................................113
9.4.2. Verspilling ten gevolge van wachttijd................................................................... 113
9.4.3. Overtolligheden ten gevolge van transporteren................................................... 114
9.4.4. Overtolligheden in productie................................................................................ 114
9.4.5. Verliezen ten gevolge van voorraad.....................................................................114
9.4.5. Verspilling ten gevolge van beweging (motion)....................................................114
9.4.6. Verspilling ten gevolge van defecten....................................................................114
9.5. JIT productiefilosofie: marketinginstrument en efficiëntie............................................. 115
9.5.1. JIT-basistechnieken............................................................................................. 115
9.5.1.1. JIT op niveau van planning en productiecontrole........................................115
9.5.1.2. Push-Pullsystemen......................................................................................115
9.5.2. Relations with employees.................................................................................... 116




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