Biology 198 Module 4 Actual study set
with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
central dogma - ANSW-flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein
transcription and translation - ANSW-the 2 processes that are involved in flow of genetic information
DNA - ANSW-_____ contains all information cells need to do everything they need to do
proteins (because most enzymes are made of proteins) - ANSW-tools that cells use to do their jobs
instructions - ANSW-DNA contains the ___________ for making proteins
cytoplasm - ANSW-machinery to actually make the proteins is found in the....
DNA template - ANSW-what template is for mRNA production
mRNA - ANSW-what serves as a template against which the proteins are made
DNA transcribes sequence of mRNA which is read into amino acid sequences (proteins) during
translation - ANSW-how does the information in DNA used to produce proteins determine the
characteristic of an individual
nucleotides - ANSW-DNA is made up of..
- adenine
- thymine
- cytosine
- guanine - ANSW-nucleotides are made of...
- nitrogen base
- 5 carbon sugar
- phosphate group - ANSW-monomers (A, T, C, G) of DNA are made of
double helix - ANSW-DNA is a ______________ strand
deoxyribose - ANSW-what type of sugar is used in DNA
double - ANSW-DNA helix is ________ stranded
the sequences of DNA differ between species; sequence determines the information carried in the DNA -
ANSW-How does DNA store genetic information
transcription - ANSW-process that transfers information from DNA to mRNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANSW-molecules produced in transcription
RNA polymerase - ANSW-enzymes involved in transcription
, unwinds portion of DNA where the gene is located and adds nucleotides to forming mRNA strand -
ANSW-function of RNA polymerase in transcription
DNA template - ANSW-template used in transcription
nucleus; cytoplasm - ANSW-in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in _______ and the mRNA is transported
to the _________
adds to 3' end so it grows in 5' to 3' direction - ANSW-during transcription, the RNA product grows by
adding nucleotides to the _____ end so it grows ________
initiation --> elongation --> termination --> - ANSW-process of transcription
- begins when DNA is unwound, forming transcription bubble
- enzymes and other proteins involved are bound at promoter - ANSW-initiation of transcription
RNA polyermerase tracks along DNA template, synthesizes mRNA in 5'3 direction and unwinds then
rewinds DNA as it is read - ANSW-elongation of transcription
multiple polyermases can transcribe single bacterial gene while numerous ribosomes concurrently
translate mRNA transcripts into polypeptides; protein can rapidly reach high concentration in bacterial
cell - ANSW-termination of transcription
mRNA template - ANSW-template for translation
proteins - ANSW-molecules produced in translation
5' to 3' direction - ANSW-mRNA is read in what direction during translation
- amino acids
- messenger RNA
- transfer RNA
- ribosomal RNA - ANSW-molecules needed for translation
carries code for protein from DNA - ANSW-what does mRNA do for translation
carries amino acids form cytoplasm to forming of proteins - ANSW-what does tRNA do in translation
binds to mRNA and provides platform for binding of amino acids with tRNA - ANSW-what does rRNA do
during translation
cytoplasm - ANSW-translation takes place where
- tRNA anticodon recognizes codon mRNA
- large ribosomal subunit joins small subunit and 2nd tRNA is recruited
- as mRNA moves relative to ribosome, polypeptide chain is formed
- entry of release factor into A site terminates translation and components dissociate - ANSW-process of
translation
with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
central dogma - ANSW-flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein
transcription and translation - ANSW-the 2 processes that are involved in flow of genetic information
DNA - ANSW-_____ contains all information cells need to do everything they need to do
proteins (because most enzymes are made of proteins) - ANSW-tools that cells use to do their jobs
instructions - ANSW-DNA contains the ___________ for making proteins
cytoplasm - ANSW-machinery to actually make the proteins is found in the....
DNA template - ANSW-what template is for mRNA production
mRNA - ANSW-what serves as a template against which the proteins are made
DNA transcribes sequence of mRNA which is read into amino acid sequences (proteins) during
translation - ANSW-how does the information in DNA used to produce proteins determine the
characteristic of an individual
nucleotides - ANSW-DNA is made up of..
- adenine
- thymine
- cytosine
- guanine - ANSW-nucleotides are made of...
- nitrogen base
- 5 carbon sugar
- phosphate group - ANSW-monomers (A, T, C, G) of DNA are made of
double helix - ANSW-DNA is a ______________ strand
deoxyribose - ANSW-what type of sugar is used in DNA
double - ANSW-DNA helix is ________ stranded
the sequences of DNA differ between species; sequence determines the information carried in the DNA -
ANSW-How does DNA store genetic information
transcription - ANSW-process that transfers information from DNA to mRNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANSW-molecules produced in transcription
RNA polymerase - ANSW-enzymes involved in transcription
, unwinds portion of DNA where the gene is located and adds nucleotides to forming mRNA strand -
ANSW-function of RNA polymerase in transcription
DNA template - ANSW-template used in transcription
nucleus; cytoplasm - ANSW-in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in _______ and the mRNA is transported
to the _________
adds to 3' end so it grows in 5' to 3' direction - ANSW-during transcription, the RNA product grows by
adding nucleotides to the _____ end so it grows ________
initiation --> elongation --> termination --> - ANSW-process of transcription
- begins when DNA is unwound, forming transcription bubble
- enzymes and other proteins involved are bound at promoter - ANSW-initiation of transcription
RNA polyermerase tracks along DNA template, synthesizes mRNA in 5'3 direction and unwinds then
rewinds DNA as it is read - ANSW-elongation of transcription
multiple polyermases can transcribe single bacterial gene while numerous ribosomes concurrently
translate mRNA transcripts into polypeptides; protein can rapidly reach high concentration in bacterial
cell - ANSW-termination of transcription
mRNA template - ANSW-template for translation
proteins - ANSW-molecules produced in translation
5' to 3' direction - ANSW-mRNA is read in what direction during translation
- amino acids
- messenger RNA
- transfer RNA
- ribosomal RNA - ANSW-molecules needed for translation
carries code for protein from DNA - ANSW-what does mRNA do for translation
carries amino acids form cytoplasm to forming of proteins - ANSW-what does tRNA do in translation
binds to mRNA and provides platform for binding of amino acids with tRNA - ANSW-what does rRNA do
during translation
cytoplasm - ANSW-translation takes place where
- tRNA anticodon recognizes codon mRNA
- large ribosomal subunit joins small subunit and 2nd tRNA is recruited
- as mRNA moves relative to ribosome, polypeptide chain is formed
- entry of release factor into A site terminates translation and components dissociate - ANSW-process of
translation
