Tips:
- Zorg dat je overzicht hebt van welke complexe interventie vaak gebruikt wordt voor
welke stoornis.
- Kijk met een helikopter view naar de interventies.
Wat weten van de artikelen:
- Wat is onderzocht?
- Waarom is dit onderzocht?
- Hoe was dit onderzocht?
- Wat hebben ze gevonden?
- Wat kunnen we met deze uitvindingen?
Tentamen:
- Meerkeuze en open vragen.
- Colleges en literatuur.
Learning goals:
- Name, recognize and distinguish the different psychological interventions for
complex forms of psychopathology offered in the Dutch specialist mental health care
services.
- Describe and explain the characteristics of and scientific evidence for the different
psychological interventions presented in the lectures.
- Describe and explain the different processes by which psychotherapeutic change
occurs (mechanisms of action) in the presented psychological interventions.
- Make connections between the different disorders and treatments presented.
- Compare and contrast the different treatments (e.g., similarities/differences and
advantages/disadvantages). (Helicopter view).
College 1:
Complex psychological problems: Impactful and highly distressing, Severe, Long-lasting, or
recurrent, High comorbidity and additional problems.
Common mental health disorders VS. Complex mental health disorders:
- Common:
o MDD (Major Depressive Disorder).
o Anxiety disorders.
o Sleep disorders.
- Complex:
o Personality disorders. o Eating Disorders.
o Chronic/persistent o (Complex) PTSD.
depression. o Dissociative Identity
o OCD. Disorder.
o Psychosis. o Bipolar Disorder.
,Originate from previously existing therapies:
- Psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Sigmund Freud
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Anton Beck.
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Developed in the late 19th century/early 20th.
- Goal: Bring unconscious or deeply buried thoughts and feelings to the conscious
mind.
o Become aware of hidden meanings/patterns.
o Examine how repressed experiences and emotions may contribute to current
experiences, actions and problems.
- Psychoanalytic techniques: Dream analysis/Free association/Transference &
countertransference.
Cognitive behavior therapy: Developed in the 1960s as a
cognitive therapy for depression.
- Unvalidated thoughts and cognitive distortions.
- Impact on emotions and behaviors.
- Often not needed to dive into the past.
Extensively researched and found effective.
Cognitive model:
- Dysfunctional automatic thoughts.
- Cognitive distortions (intermediate level).
= Biased thoughts that can distort the way a person
sees for example themselves of their life, etc.
- Core beliefs.
Goal: Changing cognitions and behavior to bring about change in
how one feels in daily life.
Means:
- Structured, goal-oriented treatment sessions.
- Practical and active participation.
Techniques:
- Cognitive restructuring. - Behavior activation.
- Exposure therapy. - Problem solving skills.
- Behavioral experiments. - Relaxation.
Treatments for complex psychological problems/discussed in course:
,Schema therapy: Chronic depression, OCD, ANX, PTSD, ASS
Inference Based CBT: OCD
EMDR or exposure treatment: PTSD (complex and with psychosis).
Intensive Short Term Psychodynamic treatment: Emotion avoidance behaviors, anxiety,
depression, somatization.
Psychoanalytic group therapy: Variety of conditions- depression, ASS.
AANVULLEN
Disorder- intervention overlap:
- Some interventions are disorder specific.
- Some interventions were originally developed for 1 disorder → Multiple disorders.
- Some disorders can effectively be treated with a variety of psychological
interventions:
o Borderline personality disorder: ST, DBT, TFP (and MBT).
o Chronic depression: CBASP, ST, Psycho-dynamic treatments.
Do not forget that all treatment exists of common factors as well.
College 2
Schema Therapy – Chrissy James –
Development of Schema Therapy:
- 1990s: Jeffrey Young (& colleagues).
- Complex problems.
- CBT+.
- More attention for youth trauma (development of schemas/beliefs). Youth trauma
developed the youth to look at the world differently→ It does not feel like a safe
space as it is supposed to be.
- Use of modes → a particular way of being and you start to try to find a way around
the world, that isn’t a safe space.
o It is important to work with these modes, only working with schema is not
enough to form a strong base.
- Therapeutic relationship as intervention (basic needs)→ If you are able to do that,
you will also be able to do that in de real world.
For the therapist it is important to see what the client missed and what their basic needs are.
(For example, no healthy relation with mother).
What is Schema Focused Therapy?
Integrative psychotherapy combining: Attachment theory, cognitive, behavioral,
gestallttherapy, transactional analysis, psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychodrama.
, Focuses on:
- Early Maladaptive Schema (EMAs): Broad, pervasive pattern of memories, emotions,
cognitions and physical sensations, developed during childhood (trait-like).
- Coping styles: a person’s behavioral responses to schemas.
- Mode: (Mood/temper). Emotional-cognitive-behavioral state of the persons mind
states that cluster schemas and coping styles into a temporary “way of being”, e.g.,
“Vulnerable child mode”.
Goals:
- Recognize schemas and break through these patterns of thinking, feeling and
behaving.
- Strenghten the Healthy Adult mode and Happy Child mode.
For whom is ST?
- People with a personality disorder diagnosis (DSM-5).
- Longer excisting, recurrent symptoms/clinical syndroms that were (unsuccessfully)
treated before.
- Clinical syndrome is treated first or does not interfere→ If you for example use
drugs/alcohol or you have a depression or PTSD, this should be treated first.
Patients must have:
- Some insight into the emergence of negative behavioral patterns/ problems. → You
need to be able to reflect to yourself and also to the things that happened in the past.
(You have to be interested).
- Sufficient insight into one’s own emotions and ability to mentalize.
Start of therapy:
Build up a therapeutic relationship.
Schema therapy in practice:
5 basic needs (from parents/upbringing/environment):
1) Safety & Connection
2) Expression of emotions (Idea that you can be yourself, space for your feelings)
3) Autonomy (When you are a baby there is little autonomy, by the time you grow up
you need to develop the idea that you can do things yourself. If a parent does
anything for you, you will become helpless when you go live on your own).
4) Realistic limits (As a child you test boundaries of your caretakers, you don’t know
where the boundaries are until your caretakers tell you you can’t do something. That
is the realistic limit, you have to know that not everything is allowed. When that need
is not met, it can be that there are too much or too little limits.
5) Spontaneity and play (As a child you need to be able to play to develop boundaries
and a sense of feeling and belonging).
In people with a personality disorder there are often two or more needs that are not met.
- Zorg dat je overzicht hebt van welke complexe interventie vaak gebruikt wordt voor
welke stoornis.
- Kijk met een helikopter view naar de interventies.
Wat weten van de artikelen:
- Wat is onderzocht?
- Waarom is dit onderzocht?
- Hoe was dit onderzocht?
- Wat hebben ze gevonden?
- Wat kunnen we met deze uitvindingen?
Tentamen:
- Meerkeuze en open vragen.
- Colleges en literatuur.
Learning goals:
- Name, recognize and distinguish the different psychological interventions for
complex forms of psychopathology offered in the Dutch specialist mental health care
services.
- Describe and explain the characteristics of and scientific evidence for the different
psychological interventions presented in the lectures.
- Describe and explain the different processes by which psychotherapeutic change
occurs (mechanisms of action) in the presented psychological interventions.
- Make connections between the different disorders and treatments presented.
- Compare and contrast the different treatments (e.g., similarities/differences and
advantages/disadvantages). (Helicopter view).
College 1:
Complex psychological problems: Impactful and highly distressing, Severe, Long-lasting, or
recurrent, High comorbidity and additional problems.
Common mental health disorders VS. Complex mental health disorders:
- Common:
o MDD (Major Depressive Disorder).
o Anxiety disorders.
o Sleep disorders.
- Complex:
o Personality disorders. o Eating Disorders.
o Chronic/persistent o (Complex) PTSD.
depression. o Dissociative Identity
o OCD. Disorder.
o Psychosis. o Bipolar Disorder.
,Originate from previously existing therapies:
- Psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Sigmund Freud
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Anton Beck.
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Developed in the late 19th century/early 20th.
- Goal: Bring unconscious or deeply buried thoughts and feelings to the conscious
mind.
o Become aware of hidden meanings/patterns.
o Examine how repressed experiences and emotions may contribute to current
experiences, actions and problems.
- Psychoanalytic techniques: Dream analysis/Free association/Transference &
countertransference.
Cognitive behavior therapy: Developed in the 1960s as a
cognitive therapy for depression.
- Unvalidated thoughts and cognitive distortions.
- Impact on emotions and behaviors.
- Often not needed to dive into the past.
Extensively researched and found effective.
Cognitive model:
- Dysfunctional automatic thoughts.
- Cognitive distortions (intermediate level).
= Biased thoughts that can distort the way a person
sees for example themselves of their life, etc.
- Core beliefs.
Goal: Changing cognitions and behavior to bring about change in
how one feels in daily life.
Means:
- Structured, goal-oriented treatment sessions.
- Practical and active participation.
Techniques:
- Cognitive restructuring. - Behavior activation.
- Exposure therapy. - Problem solving skills.
- Behavioral experiments. - Relaxation.
Treatments for complex psychological problems/discussed in course:
,Schema therapy: Chronic depression, OCD, ANX, PTSD, ASS
Inference Based CBT: OCD
EMDR or exposure treatment: PTSD (complex and with psychosis).
Intensive Short Term Psychodynamic treatment: Emotion avoidance behaviors, anxiety,
depression, somatization.
Psychoanalytic group therapy: Variety of conditions- depression, ASS.
AANVULLEN
Disorder- intervention overlap:
- Some interventions are disorder specific.
- Some interventions were originally developed for 1 disorder → Multiple disorders.
- Some disorders can effectively be treated with a variety of psychological
interventions:
o Borderline personality disorder: ST, DBT, TFP (and MBT).
o Chronic depression: CBASP, ST, Psycho-dynamic treatments.
Do not forget that all treatment exists of common factors as well.
College 2
Schema Therapy – Chrissy James –
Development of Schema Therapy:
- 1990s: Jeffrey Young (& colleagues).
- Complex problems.
- CBT+.
- More attention for youth trauma (development of schemas/beliefs). Youth trauma
developed the youth to look at the world differently→ It does not feel like a safe
space as it is supposed to be.
- Use of modes → a particular way of being and you start to try to find a way around
the world, that isn’t a safe space.
o It is important to work with these modes, only working with schema is not
enough to form a strong base.
- Therapeutic relationship as intervention (basic needs)→ If you are able to do that,
you will also be able to do that in de real world.
For the therapist it is important to see what the client missed and what their basic needs are.
(For example, no healthy relation with mother).
What is Schema Focused Therapy?
Integrative psychotherapy combining: Attachment theory, cognitive, behavioral,
gestallttherapy, transactional analysis, psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychodrama.
, Focuses on:
- Early Maladaptive Schema (EMAs): Broad, pervasive pattern of memories, emotions,
cognitions and physical sensations, developed during childhood (trait-like).
- Coping styles: a person’s behavioral responses to schemas.
- Mode: (Mood/temper). Emotional-cognitive-behavioral state of the persons mind
states that cluster schemas and coping styles into a temporary “way of being”, e.g.,
“Vulnerable child mode”.
Goals:
- Recognize schemas and break through these patterns of thinking, feeling and
behaving.
- Strenghten the Healthy Adult mode and Happy Child mode.
For whom is ST?
- People with a personality disorder diagnosis (DSM-5).
- Longer excisting, recurrent symptoms/clinical syndroms that were (unsuccessfully)
treated before.
- Clinical syndrome is treated first or does not interfere→ If you for example use
drugs/alcohol or you have a depression or PTSD, this should be treated first.
Patients must have:
- Some insight into the emergence of negative behavioral patterns/ problems. → You
need to be able to reflect to yourself and also to the things that happened in the past.
(You have to be interested).
- Sufficient insight into one’s own emotions and ability to mentalize.
Start of therapy:
Build up a therapeutic relationship.
Schema therapy in practice:
5 basic needs (from parents/upbringing/environment):
1) Safety & Connection
2) Expression of emotions (Idea that you can be yourself, space for your feelings)
3) Autonomy (When you are a baby there is little autonomy, by the time you grow up
you need to develop the idea that you can do things yourself. If a parent does
anything for you, you will become helpless when you go live on your own).
4) Realistic limits (As a child you test boundaries of your caretakers, you don’t know
where the boundaries are until your caretakers tell you you can’t do something. That
is the realistic limit, you have to know that not everything is allowed. When that need
is not met, it can be that there are too much or too little limits.
5) Spontaneity and play (As a child you need to be able to play to develop boundaries
and a sense of feeling and belonging).
In people with a personality disorder there are often two or more needs that are not met.
