Biology Major Field Test Study Set Exam
Questions And Answers
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers -
correct answer ✅Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates (simple
sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"
dipeptides -
correct answer ✅two amino acids bonded together
what is the general fatty acid formula -
correct answer ✅CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an even number
between 12 and 24
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats -
correct answer ✅saturated: only single bonds in hydrocarbon
chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds
glycerides -
correct answer ✅glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Levels of Protein Structure -
correct answer ✅1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or beta-
pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit
structure
,Biology Major Field Test Study Set Exam
Questions And Answers
nucleotide is composed of -
correct answer ✅phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous base
Vmax -
correct answer ✅maximum reaction rate at which point substrate
is saturated with enzyme
Feedback Inhibition -
correct answer ✅end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks
original enz.
Competitive Inhibition -
correct answer ✅molecules compete with substrate for enzyme's
active sites
irreversible inhibitors -
correct answer ✅chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
,Biology Major Field Test Study Set Exam
Questions And Answers
psuedoirreversible inhibitors -
correct answer ✅extremely high affinities for active site; hard to
displace
noncompetitive inhibitors -
correct answer ✅do not compete for active site but act elsewhere
on enz.; altering 3D shape
photosynthesis -
correct answer ✅anabolic process that converts sunlight into
energy stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more
permanently stored in bonds of organic carbon compounds
electron transport chain -
correct answer ✅series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes
that pump protons to one side of the membrane, creating a proton
gradient
chemiosmosis -
correct answer ✅the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient,
to generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic
, Biology Major Field Test Study Set Exam
Questions And Answers
movement of protons down the gradient to store energy by
converting ADP to ATP
ATP -
correct answer ✅Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide
that stores energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation -
correct answer ✅glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include
the Kreb's cycle (producing CO2) or the ETC.
occluding/tight junctions -
correct answer ✅nothing can diffuse between cells or past
junction
anchoring junctions -
correct answer ✅physical joining so cells do not shear away
communicating junctions -
correct answer ✅gap junctions are formed by proteins called
Questions And Answers
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers -
correct answer ✅Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates (simple
sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"
dipeptides -
correct answer ✅two amino acids bonded together
what is the general fatty acid formula -
correct answer ✅CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an even number
between 12 and 24
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats -
correct answer ✅saturated: only single bonds in hydrocarbon
chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds
glycerides -
correct answer ✅glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Levels of Protein Structure -
correct answer ✅1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or beta-
pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit
structure
,Biology Major Field Test Study Set Exam
Questions And Answers
nucleotide is composed of -
correct answer ✅phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous base
Vmax -
correct answer ✅maximum reaction rate at which point substrate
is saturated with enzyme
Feedback Inhibition -
correct answer ✅end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks
original enz.
Competitive Inhibition -
correct answer ✅molecules compete with substrate for enzyme's
active sites
irreversible inhibitors -
correct answer ✅chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
,Biology Major Field Test Study Set Exam
Questions And Answers
psuedoirreversible inhibitors -
correct answer ✅extremely high affinities for active site; hard to
displace
noncompetitive inhibitors -
correct answer ✅do not compete for active site but act elsewhere
on enz.; altering 3D shape
photosynthesis -
correct answer ✅anabolic process that converts sunlight into
energy stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more
permanently stored in bonds of organic carbon compounds
electron transport chain -
correct answer ✅series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes
that pump protons to one side of the membrane, creating a proton
gradient
chemiosmosis -
correct answer ✅the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient,
to generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic
, Biology Major Field Test Study Set Exam
Questions And Answers
movement of protons down the gradient to store energy by
converting ADP to ATP
ATP -
correct answer ✅Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide
that stores energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation -
correct answer ✅glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include
the Kreb's cycle (producing CO2) or the ETC.
occluding/tight junctions -
correct answer ✅nothing can diffuse between cells or past
junction
anchoring junctions -
correct answer ✅physical joining so cells do not shear away
communicating junctions -
correct answer ✅gap junctions are formed by proteins called
