NUR1460 Fundamentals HESI Study Guide questions
and answers with solutions
Which medications affect a patient's rapid eye movement (REM) sleep leading to frequent
waking at night and sleepiness during the day? - ANSWER Narcotics
Narcotics are central nervous system stimulants which cause disruption in REM
Which complications would the nurse expect to find in a patient who is on beta blockers? Select
all that apply.
Insomnia
Irritability
Drowsiness
Nightmares
Restlessness - ANSWER Nightmares
Insomnia
Beta blockers inhibit the effects of the adrenaline hormone and also inhibit nighttime secretion
of melatonin, a hormone involved in regulating both sleep and the body's circadian clock.
Which order should the nurse follow when removing personal protective equipment following a
surgical procedure?
Gloves, eyewear, gown, mask
Mask, gown, eyewear, gloves
Eyewear, gloves, gown, mask
,Gown, mask, eyewear, gloves - ANSWER Gloves, eyewear, gown, mask
Which term is defined as a global set of concepts which describe the central phenomena of the
discipline and explains the relationship between those concepts? - ANSWER Metaparadigm
Which surgeries require general anesthesia? Select all that apply.
Mastectomy
Nephrectomy
Breast biopsy
Bowel resection
Cataract surgery - ANSWER Mastectomy
Nephrectomy
Bowel Resection
Major surgeries require general anesthesia, and minor surgeries need local anesthesia.
Which risks would the nurse anticipate in patients with a high red blood cell count (RBC),
hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct)? Select all that apply.
Hemorrhage
Renal disease
Polycythemia vera
Congenital heart disease
Bone marrow suppression - ANSWER Polycythemia vera
Congenital heart disease
Polycythemia vera is a bone marrow disorder that results in an increased number of RBCs
,With an elevated RBC count, the patient will also have an increase in Hgb and Hct. A patient
with congenital heart disease may also have an increase in RBCs, Hgb, and Hct.
Hemorrhage, renal disease, and bone marrow suppression may result in decreased RBC, WBC,
and platelet levels in the blood, due to blood loss and immunosuppression.
Which intellectual standard of critical thinking is the nurse following when the plan of care for a
pregnant patient is based on the knowledge of a previous fetal loss? Select all that apply.
Logic
Fairness
Accuracy
Relevance
Significance - ANSWER Relevance
Significance
The nurse, following the intellectual standard of relevance, focuses on the facts and ideas
provided by the patient. The intellectual standard of significance involves the consideration of
the most important information to prepare a care plan or to make a conclusion.
Which patient data will the nurse consider while preparing a care plan for a Jehovah's Witness
patient?
Literacy
Preferences
Acculturation
Medical knowledge - ANSWER Preferences
, Nurses caring for known members of the Jehovah's Witness faith community should document
patient preferences to ensure compliance with religious beliefs during medical treatment. The
patient's literacy and medical knowledge do not influence the care process but do affect
teaching. Acculturation does not refer to patient data; it is a process of interaction and cultural
exchange between two or more cultures.
During surgery, the nurse finds that the patient has suddenly developed hypertension, muscle
rigidity, cyanosis, high fever, and tachycardia. Which intervention is priority in this situation?
Discontinuing the anesthesia
Providing oxygen to the patient
Stopping the surgery immediately
Providing intravenous fluids to the patient - ANSWER Stopping the surgery immediately
The patient's signs indicate that the patient has malignant hyperthermia. Malignant
hyperthermia is an inherited disorder that occurs with the inhalation of general anesthetics. It is
a life-threatening condition. Surgery should be stopped immediately if the patient has malignant
hyperthermia, and then the anesthesia should be discontinued. Oxygen should be administered
to the patient if the patient has hypoxemia. The nurse should provide intravenous fluids to the
patient if the patient has a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Which professional nursing actions does Madeleine Leininger suggest to promote patient-
centered care? Select all that apply.
Cultural assessment
Cultural competence
Cultural maintenance
Cultural care repatterning
and answers with solutions
Which medications affect a patient's rapid eye movement (REM) sleep leading to frequent
waking at night and sleepiness during the day? - ANSWER Narcotics
Narcotics are central nervous system stimulants which cause disruption in REM
Which complications would the nurse expect to find in a patient who is on beta blockers? Select
all that apply.
Insomnia
Irritability
Drowsiness
Nightmares
Restlessness - ANSWER Nightmares
Insomnia
Beta blockers inhibit the effects of the adrenaline hormone and also inhibit nighttime secretion
of melatonin, a hormone involved in regulating both sleep and the body's circadian clock.
Which order should the nurse follow when removing personal protective equipment following a
surgical procedure?
Gloves, eyewear, gown, mask
Mask, gown, eyewear, gloves
Eyewear, gloves, gown, mask
,Gown, mask, eyewear, gloves - ANSWER Gloves, eyewear, gown, mask
Which term is defined as a global set of concepts which describe the central phenomena of the
discipline and explains the relationship between those concepts? - ANSWER Metaparadigm
Which surgeries require general anesthesia? Select all that apply.
Mastectomy
Nephrectomy
Breast biopsy
Bowel resection
Cataract surgery - ANSWER Mastectomy
Nephrectomy
Bowel Resection
Major surgeries require general anesthesia, and minor surgeries need local anesthesia.
Which risks would the nurse anticipate in patients with a high red blood cell count (RBC),
hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct)? Select all that apply.
Hemorrhage
Renal disease
Polycythemia vera
Congenital heart disease
Bone marrow suppression - ANSWER Polycythemia vera
Congenital heart disease
Polycythemia vera is a bone marrow disorder that results in an increased number of RBCs
,With an elevated RBC count, the patient will also have an increase in Hgb and Hct. A patient
with congenital heart disease may also have an increase in RBCs, Hgb, and Hct.
Hemorrhage, renal disease, and bone marrow suppression may result in decreased RBC, WBC,
and platelet levels in the blood, due to blood loss and immunosuppression.
Which intellectual standard of critical thinking is the nurse following when the plan of care for a
pregnant patient is based on the knowledge of a previous fetal loss? Select all that apply.
Logic
Fairness
Accuracy
Relevance
Significance - ANSWER Relevance
Significance
The nurse, following the intellectual standard of relevance, focuses on the facts and ideas
provided by the patient. The intellectual standard of significance involves the consideration of
the most important information to prepare a care plan or to make a conclusion.
Which patient data will the nurse consider while preparing a care plan for a Jehovah's Witness
patient?
Literacy
Preferences
Acculturation
Medical knowledge - ANSWER Preferences
, Nurses caring for known members of the Jehovah's Witness faith community should document
patient preferences to ensure compliance with religious beliefs during medical treatment. The
patient's literacy and medical knowledge do not influence the care process but do affect
teaching. Acculturation does not refer to patient data; it is a process of interaction and cultural
exchange between two or more cultures.
During surgery, the nurse finds that the patient has suddenly developed hypertension, muscle
rigidity, cyanosis, high fever, and tachycardia. Which intervention is priority in this situation?
Discontinuing the anesthesia
Providing oxygen to the patient
Stopping the surgery immediately
Providing intravenous fluids to the patient - ANSWER Stopping the surgery immediately
The patient's signs indicate that the patient has malignant hyperthermia. Malignant
hyperthermia is an inherited disorder that occurs with the inhalation of general anesthetics. It is
a life-threatening condition. Surgery should be stopped immediately if the patient has malignant
hyperthermia, and then the anesthesia should be discontinued. Oxygen should be administered
to the patient if the patient has hypoxemia. The nurse should provide intravenous fluids to the
patient if the patient has a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Which professional nursing actions does Madeleine Leininger suggest to promote patient-
centered care? Select all that apply.
Cultural assessment
Cultural competence
Cultural maintenance
Cultural care repatterning
