ANTHROPOLOGY 101 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
anthropology - Answers :The study of humanity, from its evolutionary origins millions of
years ago to its current worldwide diversity.
societies - Answers :Populations of people living in organized groups with social
institutions and expectations of behavior.
ethnology - Answers :Aspect of cultural anthropology involved with building theories
about cultural behaviors and forms.
ethnography - Answers :Aspect of cultural anthropology involved with observing and
documenting peoples' ways of life.
indigenous societies - Answers :Peoples who are now minority groups in state societies
but who were formerly independent and have occupied their territories for a long time.
ethnocentrism - Answers :The widespread human tendency to perceive the ways of
doing things in one's own culture as normal and natural and that of others as strange,
inferior, and possible even unnatural or inhuman.
cultural relativism - Answers :An approach in anthropology that stresses the importance
of analyzing cultures in each culture's own terms rather than in terms of the culture of
the anthropologist. This does not mean, however, that all cultural behavior must be
condoned.
ethical relativism - Answers :The belief that all rights and wrongs and relative to time,
place, and culture, such that no moral judgment of behavior can be made.
historical linguistics - Answers :The study of changes in language and communication
over time and between people in contact.
linguistic anthropology - Answers :The study of language and communication and the
relationship between language and other aspects of culture and society.
archaeology - Answers :The study of past cultures, both historic cultures with written
records and prehistoric cultures that predate the invention of writing.
biological anthropology - Answers :The study of human origins and contemporary
biological diversity.
paleoanthropology - Answers :The study of the fossil record, especially skeletal
remains, to understand the process and products of human evolution.
, medical anthropology - Answers :A discipline that bridges cultural and biological
anthropology, focusing on health and disease in human populations.
applied anthropology - Answers :An area of anthropology that applies the techniques
and theories of the field to problem solving outside of traditional academic settings.
cultural knowledge - Answers :Information that enables people to function in their
society and contributes to the survival of the society as a whole.
cultural models - Answers :Shared assumptions that people have about the world and
about the ideal culture.
norms - Answers :Sets of expectations and attitudes that people have about appropriate
behavior.
culture - Answers :The learned values, beliefs, and rules of conduct that are shared to
some extent by the members of a society, and that govern their behavior with one
another.
symbolic culture - Answers :The ideas people have about themselves, others, and the
world, and the ways that people express these ideas.
material culture - Answers :The tools people make and use, the clothing and ornaments
they wear, the buildings they live in, and the household utensils they use.
holistic perspective - Answers :A perspective in anthropology that views culture as an
integrated whole, no part of which can be completely understood without considering
the whole.
comparative perspective - Answers :An approach in anthropology that uses data about
the behaviors and beliefs in many societies to document both cultural universals and
cultural diversity.
culture change - Answers :Changes in peoples' ways of life over time through both
internal and external forces.
globalization - Answers :The spread of economic, political, and cultural influences
throughout a very large geographic area or through a great number of different
societies. Through globalization, many countries and local communities are enmeshed
in networks of power and influence far beyond their borders, exchanging goods and
services, forms of entertainment, and information technologies.
cultural anthropology - Answers :The study of cultural behavior, especially the
comparative study of living and recent human cultures.
anthropology - Answers :The study of humanity, from its evolutionary origins millions of
years ago to its current worldwide diversity.
societies - Answers :Populations of people living in organized groups with social
institutions and expectations of behavior.
ethnology - Answers :Aspect of cultural anthropology involved with building theories
about cultural behaviors and forms.
ethnography - Answers :Aspect of cultural anthropology involved with observing and
documenting peoples' ways of life.
indigenous societies - Answers :Peoples who are now minority groups in state societies
but who were formerly independent and have occupied their territories for a long time.
ethnocentrism - Answers :The widespread human tendency to perceive the ways of
doing things in one's own culture as normal and natural and that of others as strange,
inferior, and possible even unnatural or inhuman.
cultural relativism - Answers :An approach in anthropology that stresses the importance
of analyzing cultures in each culture's own terms rather than in terms of the culture of
the anthropologist. This does not mean, however, that all cultural behavior must be
condoned.
ethical relativism - Answers :The belief that all rights and wrongs and relative to time,
place, and culture, such that no moral judgment of behavior can be made.
historical linguistics - Answers :The study of changes in language and communication
over time and between people in contact.
linguistic anthropology - Answers :The study of language and communication and the
relationship between language and other aspects of culture and society.
archaeology - Answers :The study of past cultures, both historic cultures with written
records and prehistoric cultures that predate the invention of writing.
biological anthropology - Answers :The study of human origins and contemporary
biological diversity.
paleoanthropology - Answers :The study of the fossil record, especially skeletal
remains, to understand the process and products of human evolution.
, medical anthropology - Answers :A discipline that bridges cultural and biological
anthropology, focusing on health and disease in human populations.
applied anthropology - Answers :An area of anthropology that applies the techniques
and theories of the field to problem solving outside of traditional academic settings.
cultural knowledge - Answers :Information that enables people to function in their
society and contributes to the survival of the society as a whole.
cultural models - Answers :Shared assumptions that people have about the world and
about the ideal culture.
norms - Answers :Sets of expectations and attitudes that people have about appropriate
behavior.
culture - Answers :The learned values, beliefs, and rules of conduct that are shared to
some extent by the members of a society, and that govern their behavior with one
another.
symbolic culture - Answers :The ideas people have about themselves, others, and the
world, and the ways that people express these ideas.
material culture - Answers :The tools people make and use, the clothing and ornaments
they wear, the buildings they live in, and the household utensils they use.
holistic perspective - Answers :A perspective in anthropology that views culture as an
integrated whole, no part of which can be completely understood without considering
the whole.
comparative perspective - Answers :An approach in anthropology that uses data about
the behaviors and beliefs in many societies to document both cultural universals and
cultural diversity.
culture change - Answers :Changes in peoples' ways of life over time through both
internal and external forces.
globalization - Answers :The spread of economic, political, and cultural influences
throughout a very large geographic area or through a great number of different
societies. Through globalization, many countries and local communities are enmeshed
in networks of power and influence far beyond their borders, exchanging goods and
services, forms of entertainment, and information technologies.
cultural anthropology - Answers :The study of cultural behavior, especially the
comparative study of living and recent human cultures.
