,Chapter 01: Nursing, Theory, and Professional Practice
Yoost & Crawford: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative
Practice, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLEeCHOICE
1. Aegroupeofenursingestudentseareediscussingetheeimpacteofenonnursingetheorieseineclinicalep
ractice.eTheestudentsewouldebeecorrecteifetheyechoseewhichetheoryetoeprioritizeepatientecare?
a. Erikson‘sePsychosocialeTheory
b. Paul‘seCritical-ThinkingeTheory
c. Maslow‘seHierarchyeofeNeeds
d. Rosenstock‘seHealtheBeliefeModel
ANS:e C
Maslow‘sehierarchyeofeneedsespecifiesetheepsychologicaleandephysiologicefactorsethateaffecte
eacheperson‘sephysicaleandementalehealth.eTheenurse‘seunderstandingeofetheseefactorsehelpse
witheformulatingeNursingediagnosesethateaddressetheepatient‘seneedseandevaluesetoeprioritizee
care.eErikson‘sePsychosocialeTheoryeofeDevelopmenteandeSocializationeisebasedeoneindividu
als‘einteractingeandelearningeaboutetheireworld.eNurseseuseeconceptseofedevelopmentaletheoryet
oecriticallyethinkeineprovidingecareeforetheirepatientseatevariousestageseofetheirelives.
Rosenstocke(1974)edevelopedetheepsychologicaleHealtheBeliefeModel.eTheemodeleaddressesepo
ssibleereasonseforewhyeaepatientemayenotecomplyewitherecommendedehealthepromotionebehavi
ors.eThisemodeleiseespeciallyeusefuletoenurseseasetheyeeducateepatients.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:e e 1.5 TOP:e Planning
MSC:eNCLEXeClienteNeedseC N
a etee g R
o erey: ISeaefeG
ee aeneB .C M
de Effective e CareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCaree
NOT:e Concepts:eCareeCoordinatiU on
2. Aenursingestudenteisepreparingestudyenotesefromeaerecentelectureeinenursingehistory.eT
heestudentewouldecrediteFlorenceeNightingaleeforewhichedefinitioneofenursing?
a. Theeimbalanceebetweenetheepatienteandetheeenvironmentedecreasesetheecapacityefo
rehealth.
b. Theenurseeneedsetoefocuseoneinterpersonaleprocessesebetweenenurseeandepatient.
c. Theenurseeassistsetheepatientewitheessentialefunctionsetowardeindependence.
d. Humanebeingseareeinteractingeinecontinuousemotioneaseenergyefields.
ANS:e A
FlorenceeNightingale‘se(1860)econcepteofetheeenvironmenteemphasizedepreventioneandecleane
air,ewater,eandehousing.eThisetheoryestatesethatetheeimbalanceebetweenetheepatienteandetheeen
vironmentedecreasesetheecapacityeforehealtheandedoesenotealloweforeconservationeofeenergy.eH
ildegardePeplaue(1952)efocusedeonetheeroleseplayedebyetheenurseeandetheeinterpersonaleproces
sebetweeneaenurseeandeaepatient.eVirginiaeHendersonedescribedetheenurse‘seroleeasesubstitutiv
ee(doingeforetheeperson),esupplementarye(helpingetheeperson),eorecomplementarye(workingew
ithetheeperson),ewithetheegoaleofeindependenceeforetheepatient.eMarthaeRogerse(1970)edevelop
edetheeScienceeofeUnitaryeHumaneBeings.eSheestatedethatehumanebeingseandetheireenvironme
ntseareeinteractingeinecontinuousemotioneaseinfiniteeenergyefields.
DIF: Understanding OBJ:e 1.4
TOP:ePlanningeMSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eHealthePromotio
neandeMaintenanceeNOT:eConcepts:eHealthePromotion
,3. TheenurseeidentifiesewhichenurseeestablishedetheeAmericaneRedeCrosseduringetheeCivileWar?
a. DorotheaeDix
b. LindaeRichards
c. LenaeHigbee
d. ClaraeBarton
ANS:e D
ClaraeBartonepracticedenursingeinetheeCivileWareandeestablishedetheeAmericaneRedeCross.eD
orotheaeDixewasetheeheadeofetheeU.S.eSanitaryeCommission,ewhichewaseaeforerunnereofetheeA
rmyeNurseeCorps.eLindaeRichardsewaseAmerica‘sefirstetrainedenurse,egraduatingefromeBosto
n‘seWomen‘seHospitaleine1873,eandeLenaeHigbee,esuperintendenteofetheeU.S.eNavyeNurseeC
orps,ewaseawardedetheeNavyeCrosseine1918.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:e 1.3
TOP:eAssessmenteMSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eHealthePromotio
neandeMaintenance
NOT:eConcepts:eProfessionalism
4. Theenursingeinstructoreiseresearchingetheefiveeproficiencieseregardedeaseessentialeforestudent
seandeprofessionals.eTheenursingeinstructoreidentifiesewhicheorganizationewouldebeefounde
toehaveeaddedesafetyeaseaesixthecompetency?
a. QualityeandeSafetyeEducationeforeNursese(QSEN)
b. InstituteeofeMedicinee(IOM)
c. AmericaneAssociationeofeCollegeseofeNursinge(AACN)
d. NationaleLeagueeforeNursinge(NLN)
ANS:e A
TheeInstituteeofeMedicineer epNoerete,RHee I
a elethGPereoBfee.sesCieo n M
s e Education:eAeBridgeetoeQualitye(2003),eo
utlinesefiveecoreecompetencies.UeTheseeincludeepatient-centeredecare,einterdisciplinary
teamwork,euseeofeevidence-
basedemedicine,equalityeimprovement,eandeuseeofeinformationetechnology.eQSENeaddedesafet
yeaseaesixthecompetency.eTheeEssentialseofeBaccalaureateeEducationeforeProfessionaleNursin
gePracticeeareeprovidedeandeupdatedebyetheeAmericaneAssociationeofeCollegeseofeNursinge(A
ACN)e(2008).eTheedocumenteofferseaeframeworkeforetheeeducationeofeprofessionalenursesewith
eoutcomeseforestudentsetoemeet.eTheeNationaleLeagueeforeNursinge(NLN)eoutlineseandeupdates
ecompetencieseforepractical,eassociate,ebaccalaureate,eandegraduateenursingeeducationeprogram
s.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:e e 1.1 TOP:e Planning
MSC:eNCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
5. Theenurseemanagereiseinterviewingegraduateenursesetoefilleexistingestaffingevacancies.eWhe
nehiringegraduateenurses,etheenurseemanagererealizesethatetheyewilleprobablyenotebeeconside
red
―competentǁeuntiletheyecompleteewhichetask?
a. TheyegraduateeandepasseNCLEX.
b. Theyehaveeworkede2etoe3eyears.
c. Theirelasteyeareofenursingeschool.
d. Theyeareeactuallyehired.
ANS:e B
, DIF: Remembering OBJ:e e 1.1 TOP:e Assessment
MSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
8. Theenurseeisecaringeforeaepatientewhoerefusesetwoeunitseofepackederedebloodecells.eWhenet
heenurseenotifiesetheehealthecareeprovidereofetheepatient’sedecision,etheenurseeiseactingeinew
hicherole?
a. Manager
b. Changeeagent
c. Advocate
d. Educator
ANS:e C
Asetheepatient’seadvocate,etheenurseeinterpretseinformationeandeprovidesetheenecessaryeeduc
ation.eTheenurseetheneacceptseanderespectsetheepatient’sedecisionseeveneifetheyeareedifferente
frometheenurse’seownebeliefs.eTheenurseesupportsetheepatient’sewisheseandecommunicateseth
emetoeotherehealthecareeproviders.eAenurseemanagesealleofetheeactivitieseandetreatmentsefore
patients.eInetheeroleeofechangeeagent,etheenurseeworksewithepatientsetoeaddressetheirehealthec
oncernseandewithestaffemembersetoeaddressechangeeineaneorganizationeorewithineaecommunit
y.eTheenurseeensuresethatetheepatientereceivesesufficienteinformationeonewhichetoebaseeconse
nteforecareeanderelatedetreatment.eEducationebecomeseaemajorefocuseofedischargeeplanninges
oethatepatientsewillebeepreparedetoehandleetheireowneneedseatehome.
DIF: Applying OBJ:e e 1.2 TOP:e Implementation
MSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
9. Theenursingestudentedevelopseaeplaneofecareebasedeoneaerecentlyepublishedearticleedescribin
getheeeffectseofebederesteoneaepatient’secalciumebloodelevels.eWhenecreatingetheeplaneofecare,
etheenursingestudentehasetheeobligationetoeconsiderewhicheaction?
a. Criticallyeappraiseetheeevidenceeandedetermineevalidity.
b. Ensureethatetheeplaneofecareedoesenotealterecurrentepractice.
c. Changeetheeprocesseevenewhenethereeisenoeproblemeidentified.
d. Maintainetheeplaneofecareeregardlesseofeinitialeoutcome.
ANS:e A
Evidence-basedepracticee(EBP)eiseaneintegrationeofetheebest-
availableeresearcheevidenceewitheclinicalejudgmenteabouteaespecificepatientesituation.eTheenu
rseeassessesecurrenteandepasteresearch,eclinicaleguidelines,eandeothereresourcesetoeidentifyerele
vanteliterature.eTheeapplicationeofeEBPeincludesecriticallyeappraisingetheeevidenceetoeassesseit
sevalidity,edesigningeaechangeeforepractice,eassessingetheeneedeforechangeeandeidentifyingeaep
roblem,eandeintegratingeandemaintainingechangeewhileemonitoringeprocesseandeoutcomesebyer
eevaluatingetheeapplicationeofeevidenceeandeassessingeareaseforeimprovement.
DIF: Applying OBJ:e e 1.2 TOP:e Implementation
MSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
Yoost & Crawford: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative
Practice, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLEeCHOICE
1. Aegroupeofenursingestudentseareediscussingetheeimpacteofenonnursingetheorieseineclinicalep
ractice.eTheestudentsewouldebeecorrecteifetheyechoseewhichetheoryetoeprioritizeepatientecare?
a. Erikson‘sePsychosocialeTheory
b. Paul‘seCritical-ThinkingeTheory
c. Maslow‘seHierarchyeofeNeeds
d. Rosenstock‘seHealtheBeliefeModel
ANS:e C
Maslow‘sehierarchyeofeneedsespecifiesetheepsychologicaleandephysiologicefactorsethateaffecte
eacheperson‘sephysicaleandementalehealth.eTheenurse‘seunderstandingeofetheseefactorsehelpse
witheformulatingeNursingediagnosesethateaddressetheepatient‘seneedseandevaluesetoeprioritizee
care.eErikson‘sePsychosocialeTheoryeofeDevelopmenteandeSocializationeisebasedeoneindividu
als‘einteractingeandelearningeaboutetheireworld.eNurseseuseeconceptseofedevelopmentaletheoryet
oecriticallyethinkeineprovidingecareeforetheirepatientseatevariousestageseofetheirelives.
Rosenstocke(1974)edevelopedetheepsychologicaleHealtheBeliefeModel.eTheemodeleaddressesepo
ssibleereasonseforewhyeaepatientemayenotecomplyewitherecommendedehealthepromotionebehavi
ors.eThisemodeleiseespeciallyeusefuletoenurseseasetheyeeducateepatients.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:e e 1.5 TOP:e Planning
MSC:eNCLEXeClienteNeedseC N
a etee g R
o erey: ISeaefeG
ee aeneB .C M
de Effective e CareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCaree
NOT:e Concepts:eCareeCoordinatiU on
2. Aenursingestudenteisepreparingestudyenotesefromeaerecentelectureeinenursingehistory.eT
heestudentewouldecrediteFlorenceeNightingaleeforewhichedefinitioneofenursing?
a. Theeimbalanceebetweenetheepatienteandetheeenvironmentedecreasesetheecapacityefo
rehealth.
b. Theenurseeneedsetoefocuseoneinterpersonaleprocessesebetweenenurseeandepatient.
c. Theenurseeassistsetheepatientewitheessentialefunctionsetowardeindependence.
d. Humanebeingseareeinteractingeinecontinuousemotioneaseenergyefields.
ANS:e A
FlorenceeNightingale‘se(1860)econcepteofetheeenvironmenteemphasizedepreventioneandecleane
air,ewater,eandehousing.eThisetheoryestatesethatetheeimbalanceebetweenetheepatienteandetheeen
vironmentedecreasesetheecapacityeforehealtheandedoesenotealloweforeconservationeofeenergy.eH
ildegardePeplaue(1952)efocusedeonetheeroleseplayedebyetheenurseeandetheeinterpersonaleproces
sebetweeneaenurseeandeaepatient.eVirginiaeHendersonedescribedetheenurse‘seroleeasesubstitutiv
ee(doingeforetheeperson),esupplementarye(helpingetheeperson),eorecomplementarye(workingew
ithetheeperson),ewithetheegoaleofeindependenceeforetheepatient.eMarthaeRogerse(1970)edevelop
edetheeScienceeofeUnitaryeHumaneBeings.eSheestatedethatehumanebeingseandetheireenvironme
ntseareeinteractingeinecontinuousemotioneaseinfiniteeenergyefields.
DIF: Understanding OBJ:e 1.4
TOP:ePlanningeMSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eHealthePromotio
neandeMaintenanceeNOT:eConcepts:eHealthePromotion
,3. TheenurseeidentifiesewhichenurseeestablishedetheeAmericaneRedeCrosseduringetheeCivileWar?
a. DorotheaeDix
b. LindaeRichards
c. LenaeHigbee
d. ClaraeBarton
ANS:e D
ClaraeBartonepracticedenursingeinetheeCivileWareandeestablishedetheeAmericaneRedeCross.eD
orotheaeDixewasetheeheadeofetheeU.S.eSanitaryeCommission,ewhichewaseaeforerunnereofetheeA
rmyeNurseeCorps.eLindaeRichardsewaseAmerica‘sefirstetrainedenurse,egraduatingefromeBosto
n‘seWomen‘seHospitaleine1873,eandeLenaeHigbee,esuperintendenteofetheeU.S.eNavyeNurseeC
orps,ewaseawardedetheeNavyeCrosseine1918.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:e 1.3
TOP:eAssessmenteMSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eHealthePromotio
neandeMaintenance
NOT:eConcepts:eProfessionalism
4. Theenursingeinstructoreiseresearchingetheefiveeproficiencieseregardedeaseessentialeforestudent
seandeprofessionals.eTheenursingeinstructoreidentifiesewhicheorganizationewouldebeefounde
toehaveeaddedesafetyeaseaesixthecompetency?
a. QualityeandeSafetyeEducationeforeNursese(QSEN)
b. InstituteeofeMedicinee(IOM)
c. AmericaneAssociationeofeCollegeseofeNursinge(AACN)
d. NationaleLeagueeforeNursinge(NLN)
ANS:e A
TheeInstituteeofeMedicineer epNoerete,RHee I
a elethGPereoBfee.sesCieo n M
s e Education:eAeBridgeetoeQualitye(2003),eo
utlinesefiveecoreecompetencies.UeTheseeincludeepatient-centeredecare,einterdisciplinary
teamwork,euseeofeevidence-
basedemedicine,equalityeimprovement,eandeuseeofeinformationetechnology.eQSENeaddedesafet
yeaseaesixthecompetency.eTheeEssentialseofeBaccalaureateeEducationeforeProfessionaleNursin
gePracticeeareeprovidedeandeupdatedebyetheeAmericaneAssociationeofeCollegeseofeNursinge(A
ACN)e(2008).eTheedocumenteofferseaeframeworkeforetheeeducationeofeprofessionalenursesewith
eoutcomeseforestudentsetoemeet.eTheeNationaleLeagueeforeNursinge(NLN)eoutlineseandeupdates
ecompetencieseforepractical,eassociate,ebaccalaureate,eandegraduateenursingeeducationeprogram
s.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:e e 1.1 TOP:e Planning
MSC:eNCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
5. Theenurseemanagereiseinterviewingegraduateenursesetoefilleexistingestaffingevacancies.eWhe
nehiringegraduateenurses,etheenurseemanagererealizesethatetheyewilleprobablyenotebeeconside
red
―competentǁeuntiletheyecompleteewhichetask?
a. TheyegraduateeandepasseNCLEX.
b. Theyehaveeworkede2etoe3eyears.
c. Theirelasteyeareofenursingeschool.
d. Theyeareeactuallyehired.
ANS:e B
, DIF: Remembering OBJ:e e 1.1 TOP:e Assessment
MSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
8. Theenurseeisecaringeforeaepatientewhoerefusesetwoeunitseofepackederedebloodecells.eWhenet
heenurseenotifiesetheehealthecareeprovidereofetheepatient’sedecision,etheenurseeiseactingeinew
hicherole?
a. Manager
b. Changeeagent
c. Advocate
d. Educator
ANS:e C
Asetheepatient’seadvocate,etheenurseeinterpretseinformationeandeprovidesetheenecessaryeeduc
ation.eTheenurseetheneacceptseanderespectsetheepatient’sedecisionseeveneifetheyeareedifferente
frometheenurse’seownebeliefs.eTheenurseesupportsetheepatient’sewisheseandecommunicateseth
emetoeotherehealthecareeproviders.eAenurseemanagesealleofetheeactivitieseandetreatmentsefore
patients.eInetheeroleeofechangeeagent,etheenurseeworksewithepatientsetoeaddressetheirehealthec
oncernseandewithestaffemembersetoeaddressechangeeineaneorganizationeorewithineaecommunit
y.eTheenurseeensuresethatetheepatientereceivesesufficienteinformationeonewhichetoebaseeconse
nteforecareeanderelatedetreatment.eEducationebecomeseaemajorefocuseofedischargeeplanninges
oethatepatientsewillebeepreparedetoehandleetheireowneneedseatehome.
DIF: Applying OBJ:e e 1.2 TOP:e Implementation
MSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
9. Theenursingestudentedevelopseaeplaneofecareebasedeoneaerecentlyepublishedearticleedescribin
getheeeffectseofebederesteoneaepatient’secalciumebloodelevels.eWhenecreatingetheeplaneofecare,
etheenursingestudentehasetheeobligationetoeconsiderewhicheaction?
a. Criticallyeappraiseetheeevidenceeandedetermineevalidity.
b. Ensureethatetheeplaneofecareedoesenotealterecurrentepractice.
c. Changeetheeprocesseevenewhenethereeisenoeproblemeidentified.
d. Maintainetheeplaneofecareeregardlesseofeinitialeoutcome.
ANS:e A
Evidence-basedepracticee(EBP)eiseaneintegrationeofetheebest-
availableeresearcheevidenceewitheclinicalejudgmenteabouteaespecificepatientesituation.eTheenu
rseeassessesecurrenteandepasteresearch,eclinicaleguidelines,eandeothereresourcesetoeidentifyerele
vanteliterature.eTheeapplicationeofeEBPeincludesecriticallyeappraisingetheeevidenceetoeassesseit
sevalidity,edesigningeaechangeeforepractice,eassessingetheeneedeforechangeeandeidentifyingeaep
roblem,eandeintegratingeandemaintainingechangeewhileemonitoringeprocesseandeoutcomesebyer
eevaluatingetheeapplicationeofeevidenceeandeassessingeareaseforeimprovement.
DIF: Applying OBJ:e e 1.2 TOP:e Implementation
MSC:e NCLEXeClienteNeedseCategory:eSafeeandeEffectiveeCareeEnvironment:eManagementeofeCareeN
OT:eConcepts:eCareeCoordination
