A-Level Human Geography: Global Governance in Afghanistan:
Afghanistan: Context:
2013 –Human Development 2001 – The Taliban in control of 90% of country. After that the
Index 0.468 (169th out of 187 fundamentalist (strict religion is followed) gov was overthrown
countries). Infant Mortality by USA and its allies. But the Taliban are resurging (getting
Rate 117 per 1000 live births. more power over time) especially in the south. However,
5.8% of women over 25 got Taliban = violation of Human R.
secondary education. 65% of 2014 – NATO troops complete their mission. 10,000 forces
30.5mill population has to live remain to train Afghan military.
on less than $2 a day, most May 2015 – Meeting with Afghan officials and Taliban reps,
are employed in agriculture. steps towards negotiated peace.
2016 – Attacks still continue. Taliban won’t stop until all foreign
troops have left.
Consequences:
Afghan gov is supported by Human Right Breaches:
international organisations to With this period of renewed insurgency (uprising) there have
help w/ community projects. been more breaches of human rights.
2014 – 6 mill kids in school (1 Increasing casualties Afghan security forces & civilians
mill in 2001), 40% of these Domestic violence towards women and continued inequality
grls, access to health care in access to jobs, health services & schools.
50%+ (2003 9%), Maternal Disruption of the 2014 presidential election, 2 presidential
Mortality Rate has halved candidates agreed to share power
since 2001, life expectancy Attacks on journalists & repressed freedom of expression
increased from 55 (2000) to Extra-judicial (not legally authorised) executions
61 (2013). Kidnaping, detentions & torture
Illegal drugs, increasing poppy cultivation & heroin production
HR Protection Organisations :
UN in Afghanistan – UNAMA was established by Security Council in 2002 to get peace &
development. They were interacting with UN High Commissioner for HR, Afghan gov & NGOs to
strengthen the Afghan Independent HR Commission. Their aims are to: promote respect for
international humanitarian & HR laws; coordinate w/ organisations and communities to ensure
protection, promote responsibility; giving freedom & HR in Afghan to all especially women,
displaced people (estimated 750,00) and refugees that return.
Afghan Gov – joined Economic Cooperation Organisation & South Asian Association for
Regional Cooper to help promote economic growth. Passed laws; Law on the Duties, Structures
of the Independent Elections Commission (elections like America, helps improve democratic
progress) & Elimination of Violence against Women law of 2009. Attempts to pass a law to
remove the limit of number of women in Afghan Parliament. These laws all help with the socio-
economic development.
Afghan Aid (NGO) – 100s of NGOs do registered work in Afghan. Afghan Aid is an example; it is
involved in sustainable rural development strategies (e.g clean water). Other examples include
Action Aid, CARE international, IRC and the ICRC, each of these tend to specialise in particular
aspects of rights.
Japanese gov – funding helps upgrade neighbourhoods in 33 provincial capitals and Kabul
Community Development Councils – 200 -250 households decide the basis of the
development projects. CDC 11 in District 5, Jalalabad has 2657 residents living in 296
households: they’re all locally elected and mixed gender. The plans submitted reflect specific
needs of the area e.g electricity, sanitation, schools, healthcare. They can also offer more
involvement for women.
Afghanistan: Context:
2013 –Human Development 2001 – The Taliban in control of 90% of country. After that the
Index 0.468 (169th out of 187 fundamentalist (strict religion is followed) gov was overthrown
countries). Infant Mortality by USA and its allies. But the Taliban are resurging (getting
Rate 117 per 1000 live births. more power over time) especially in the south. However,
5.8% of women over 25 got Taliban = violation of Human R.
secondary education. 65% of 2014 – NATO troops complete their mission. 10,000 forces
30.5mill population has to live remain to train Afghan military.
on less than $2 a day, most May 2015 – Meeting with Afghan officials and Taliban reps,
are employed in agriculture. steps towards negotiated peace.
2016 – Attacks still continue. Taliban won’t stop until all foreign
troops have left.
Consequences:
Afghan gov is supported by Human Right Breaches:
international organisations to With this period of renewed insurgency (uprising) there have
help w/ community projects. been more breaches of human rights.
2014 – 6 mill kids in school (1 Increasing casualties Afghan security forces & civilians
mill in 2001), 40% of these Domestic violence towards women and continued inequality
grls, access to health care in access to jobs, health services & schools.
50%+ (2003 9%), Maternal Disruption of the 2014 presidential election, 2 presidential
Mortality Rate has halved candidates agreed to share power
since 2001, life expectancy Attacks on journalists & repressed freedom of expression
increased from 55 (2000) to Extra-judicial (not legally authorised) executions
61 (2013). Kidnaping, detentions & torture
Illegal drugs, increasing poppy cultivation & heroin production
HR Protection Organisations :
UN in Afghanistan – UNAMA was established by Security Council in 2002 to get peace &
development. They were interacting with UN High Commissioner for HR, Afghan gov & NGOs to
strengthen the Afghan Independent HR Commission. Their aims are to: promote respect for
international humanitarian & HR laws; coordinate w/ organisations and communities to ensure
protection, promote responsibility; giving freedom & HR in Afghan to all especially women,
displaced people (estimated 750,00) and refugees that return.
Afghan Gov – joined Economic Cooperation Organisation & South Asian Association for
Regional Cooper to help promote economic growth. Passed laws; Law on the Duties, Structures
of the Independent Elections Commission (elections like America, helps improve democratic
progress) & Elimination of Violence against Women law of 2009. Attempts to pass a law to
remove the limit of number of women in Afghan Parliament. These laws all help with the socio-
economic development.
Afghan Aid (NGO) – 100s of NGOs do registered work in Afghan. Afghan Aid is an example; it is
involved in sustainable rural development strategies (e.g clean water). Other examples include
Action Aid, CARE international, IRC and the ICRC, each of these tend to specialise in particular
aspects of rights.
Japanese gov – funding helps upgrade neighbourhoods in 33 provincial capitals and Kabul
Community Development Councils – 200 -250 households decide the basis of the
development projects. CDC 11 in District 5, Jalalabad has 2657 residents living in 296
households: they’re all locally elected and mixed gender. The plans submitted reflect specific
needs of the area e.g electricity, sanitation, schools, healthcare. They can also offer more
involvement for women.
