What hormone stimulates the release of the follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) from both male and female glands?
A)Growth hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH) B)Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH) C)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH)
D)Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
( correct answers ) c
The male and female glands respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH,
which are released from the anterior pituitary in response to stimulation
from GnRH that is released from the hypothalamus. GHRH stimulates the
release of the growth hormone, which targets cell growth. TRH stimulates
the thyroid-stimulating hormone, which targets the thyroid gland. PRH
stimulates the release of prolactin, which is necessary for milk production.
A nurse is providing patient education to a patient as part of her work
in a fertility clinic. The nurse explains possible reasons for infertility.
When explaining how the ovaries are involved in conception, what will
the nurse stress?
A)Ova quickly degenerate and most are absorbed in the body before
the age of 12.
B)The ovaries at birth contain all of the ova that a woman will have.
C) Ova aggregate, causing millions to be contained in a storage site
called a follicle. D)Follicles produce only estrogen; the uterus produces
progesterone. ( correct
answers ) b
It would be important to explain that the woman's ova do not increase or
decrease from birth to childbearing years. The nurse will stress that all
the ova that a woman will have will be present at birth. The patient should
understand that if she does not ovulate 1 month or for several months, it
is not because she has done something to her body to cause this. Ova
slowly degenerate over a lifetime or they are released once a month until
menopause is complete. Each ovum is contained in a storage site called a
follicle, which produces the female sex hormones, estrogen and
progesterone.
GRADED
The
A+
nursing instructor is discussing the physiology of pregnancy with
her clinical group. What hormone, produced during pregnancy, would
the instructor tell the students helps to maintain the pregnancy until
birth of the fetus?
D)High levels of estrogen only
E) High levels of estrogen, low levels of progesterone
,C)Low levels of estrogen, high levels of progesterone
D)High levels of estrogen and progesterone ( correct
answers ) D Feedback:
In a pregnant woman, both estrogen and progesterone hormones have
specific functions. High levels of both hormones are needed for the
maintenance of pregnancy.
The nursing instructor is talking with her class of students about the
female reproductive system. A student is trying to understand the role of
progesterone in the body. What nonreproductive affect does progesterone
have on the body?
E) Decreased body temperature B)Decreased appetite C)Anti-
insulinD)Increased uterine motility ( correct answers ) C
Feedback:
Progesterone has an anti-insulin effect to generate a higher blood glucose
concentration to allow for rapid diffusion of glucose to the developing
embryo. Body temperature and appetite are increased by progesterone.
Uterine motility is decreased to provide increased chance that implantation
can occur.
What hormone causes ovulation to occur? A)Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) B)Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C)Prolactin
D)Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ( correct
answers ) B Feedback:
When the circulating estrogen level rises high enough, it stimulates a
massive release of LH from the anterior pituitary causing one of the
developing follicles to burst and release the ovum with its stored hormones
into the system. ACTH targets the adrenal corticosteroid hormone, which
helps prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response. Prolactin is
responsible for milk production and FSH in combination with LH stimulate
follicles on the outer surface of the uterus to grow and develop and also
stimulates the release of estrogen and progesterone.
A 16-year-old girl comes to the clinic complaining of severe menstrual
cramps. The girl is concerned about the pain and worried that "something
is wrong." The nurse explains to the patient that she has cramping during
her menstrual period because of what?
E) An increase in the levels of estrogen and progesterone, which
cause uterine contractions
F) Low levels of plasminogen in the uterus that cause the shedding of the
lining of the uterus
G) Prostaglandins in the uterus, which stimulate uterine
contractions to clamp off vessels as the lining of her uterus sheds
H) An increase in progesterone and a decrease of estrogen cause the
lining of the uterus to slough away ( correct answers ) C
GRADED
Feedback:
A+
,Prostaglandins in the uterus stimulate uterine contractions to clamp off
vessels in the lining of the uterus, which is the cause of the cramping.
The decrease of estrogen and progesterone after the involution of the
corpus luteum triggers the release of follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH). The decreased levels of FSH and LH cause
the inner lining of the uterus to slough off because the vascular system is
no longer being stimulated. High, not low, levels of plasminogen in the
uterus prevent clotting of the lining as the vessels shear off.
What drug would the nurse expect to administer if beta-specific
adrenergic agonist effects are desired to prevent bronchospasm during
anesthesia?
A)Dobutamine (Dobutrex) B)Ephedrine (generic) C)Isoproterenol
(Isuprel) D)Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) ( correct answers
) C
Isoproterenol is a beta-specific adrenergic agonist used to prevent
bronchospasm during anesthesia. Phenylephrine is an alpha-specific
adrenergic agonist. Both dobutamine and ephedrine are alpha- and
beta-adrenergic agonists.
The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for four patients. Which
patient should be advised by the nurse that over-the-counter cold and
allergy preparations contain phenylephrine and should be avoided?
A)A 47-year-old woman with hypertensionB)A 52-year-old man with
adult onset diabetes
C)A 17-year-old girl with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection
D)A 62-year-old man with gout ( correct
answers ) A Feedback:
Phenylephrine, a potent vasoconstrictor and alpha1-agonist with little or
no effect on the heart or bronchi, is used in many combination cold and
allergy products. Patients with hypertension should avoid these drugs
because serious increases in blood pressure could occur. Use of this drug
in patients with diabetes and gout are not contraindicated. An upper
respiratory infection may be an indication for the drug.
The nurse is writing a plan of care for a patient receiving an alpha-specific
adrenergic agonist. What should this plan of care include?
E) Monitoring the patient for diarrhea
F) Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate every 2 to 4 hours
G)
Assessing skin turgor for dehydration D)Assessing for fatigue and
lethargy
( correct answers ) B
Sympathetic stimulation will cause hypertension and increased heart rate
so it is important these be monitored. Sympathetic stimulation will also
result in increased sweating, decreased gastrointestinal activity, and a
sense of anxiety and heightened awareness. Diarrhea, dehydration,
GRADED
fatigue,
A+ and lethargy would not be expected.
A nurse receives an order for clonidine (Catapres) for a 25-year-old
pregnant woman. What is the nurse's priority action?
H)Weigh the patient to obtain correct dose/kg/day.
, B)Have a second nurse check the dose before administering the drug.
C)Consult with the physician about the order.
D)Make sure the patient is wearing a fetal monitor. ( correct
answers ) Ans:C Feedback:
The nurse would consult with the physician to ensure awareness of the
pregnancy and desire to administer this drug. There are no adequate
studies about use during pregnancy and lactation, so use should be
reserved for situations in which the benefit to the mother outweighs any
potential risk to the fetus or neonate. The nurse should question the
prescriber regarding this order. It would not be necessary to implement
the other options.
The nursing students are studying sympathomimetic drugs. How do these
drugs act on the body?
E) Stimulate beta receptors and block alpha-
receptors B)Stimulate alpha-receptors and
block beta- receptors
C)Block adrenergic receptorsD)Stimulate both alpha and beta-receptors
( correct answers ) Ans:D
Drugs that are generally sympathomimetic are called alpha-agonists
(stimulate
How alpha- receptors)
does ephedrine andbody?
act on the beta-agonists (stimulate beta- receptors).
These agonists
A)Stimulates thestimulate all of the adrenergic receptors; that is they affect
release of
both alpha and beta-receptors.
norepinephrine
B)Acts indirectly on beta-adrenergic receptor
sites C)Stimulates the release of dopamine ( correct answers )
D)Acts indirectly on alpha-adrenergic receptor Ans:A
sites Feedback:
Ephedrine stimulates the release of norepinephrine from nerve
endings and acts directly on adrenergic receptor sites. Therefore, the
other options are incorrect.
In what age group are adrenergic agonists contraindicated?
A)Older adults B)Adolescents C)Children D)No age group ( correct
answers ) Ans:D Feedback:
The use of adrenergic agonists varies from ophthalmic preparations for
dilating pupils to systemic preparations used to support patients
experiencing shock. They are used in patients of all ages. Therefore, the
other options are incorrect responses.
A patient in shock is receiving an infusion of dopamine when it is
discovered that an extravasation has occurred. What drug should be on
standby for this occurrence?
A)Phenylephrine B)Propranolol C)Phenylalanine D)Phentolamine ( correct
answers ) Ans:D Feedback:
Maintain phentolamine on standby in case extravasation occurs; infiltration
of the site with 10 mL of saline containing 5 to 10 mg of phentolamine is
usually effective in saving
GRADED
A+
(FSH) from both male and female glands?
A)Growth hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH) B)Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH) C)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH)
D)Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
( correct answers ) c
The male and female glands respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH,
which are released from the anterior pituitary in response to stimulation
from GnRH that is released from the hypothalamus. GHRH stimulates the
release of the growth hormone, which targets cell growth. TRH stimulates
the thyroid-stimulating hormone, which targets the thyroid gland. PRH
stimulates the release of prolactin, which is necessary for milk production.
A nurse is providing patient education to a patient as part of her work
in a fertility clinic. The nurse explains possible reasons for infertility.
When explaining how the ovaries are involved in conception, what will
the nurse stress?
A)Ova quickly degenerate and most are absorbed in the body before
the age of 12.
B)The ovaries at birth contain all of the ova that a woman will have.
C) Ova aggregate, causing millions to be contained in a storage site
called a follicle. D)Follicles produce only estrogen; the uterus produces
progesterone. ( correct
answers ) b
It would be important to explain that the woman's ova do not increase or
decrease from birth to childbearing years. The nurse will stress that all
the ova that a woman will have will be present at birth. The patient should
understand that if she does not ovulate 1 month or for several months, it
is not because she has done something to her body to cause this. Ova
slowly degenerate over a lifetime or they are released once a month until
menopause is complete. Each ovum is contained in a storage site called a
follicle, which produces the female sex hormones, estrogen and
progesterone.
GRADED
The
A+
nursing instructor is discussing the physiology of pregnancy with
her clinical group. What hormone, produced during pregnancy, would
the instructor tell the students helps to maintain the pregnancy until
birth of the fetus?
D)High levels of estrogen only
E) High levels of estrogen, low levels of progesterone
,C)Low levels of estrogen, high levels of progesterone
D)High levels of estrogen and progesterone ( correct
answers ) D Feedback:
In a pregnant woman, both estrogen and progesterone hormones have
specific functions. High levels of both hormones are needed for the
maintenance of pregnancy.
The nursing instructor is talking with her class of students about the
female reproductive system. A student is trying to understand the role of
progesterone in the body. What nonreproductive affect does progesterone
have on the body?
E) Decreased body temperature B)Decreased appetite C)Anti-
insulinD)Increased uterine motility ( correct answers ) C
Feedback:
Progesterone has an anti-insulin effect to generate a higher blood glucose
concentration to allow for rapid diffusion of glucose to the developing
embryo. Body temperature and appetite are increased by progesterone.
Uterine motility is decreased to provide increased chance that implantation
can occur.
What hormone causes ovulation to occur? A)Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) B)Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C)Prolactin
D)Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ( correct
answers ) B Feedback:
When the circulating estrogen level rises high enough, it stimulates a
massive release of LH from the anterior pituitary causing one of the
developing follicles to burst and release the ovum with its stored hormones
into the system. ACTH targets the adrenal corticosteroid hormone, which
helps prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response. Prolactin is
responsible for milk production and FSH in combination with LH stimulate
follicles on the outer surface of the uterus to grow and develop and also
stimulates the release of estrogen and progesterone.
A 16-year-old girl comes to the clinic complaining of severe menstrual
cramps. The girl is concerned about the pain and worried that "something
is wrong." The nurse explains to the patient that she has cramping during
her menstrual period because of what?
E) An increase in the levels of estrogen and progesterone, which
cause uterine contractions
F) Low levels of plasminogen in the uterus that cause the shedding of the
lining of the uterus
G) Prostaglandins in the uterus, which stimulate uterine
contractions to clamp off vessels as the lining of her uterus sheds
H) An increase in progesterone and a decrease of estrogen cause the
lining of the uterus to slough away ( correct answers ) C
GRADED
Feedback:
A+
,Prostaglandins in the uterus stimulate uterine contractions to clamp off
vessels in the lining of the uterus, which is the cause of the cramping.
The decrease of estrogen and progesterone after the involution of the
corpus luteum triggers the release of follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH). The decreased levels of FSH and LH cause
the inner lining of the uterus to slough off because the vascular system is
no longer being stimulated. High, not low, levels of plasminogen in the
uterus prevent clotting of the lining as the vessels shear off.
What drug would the nurse expect to administer if beta-specific
adrenergic agonist effects are desired to prevent bronchospasm during
anesthesia?
A)Dobutamine (Dobutrex) B)Ephedrine (generic) C)Isoproterenol
(Isuprel) D)Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) ( correct answers
) C
Isoproterenol is a beta-specific adrenergic agonist used to prevent
bronchospasm during anesthesia. Phenylephrine is an alpha-specific
adrenergic agonist. Both dobutamine and ephedrine are alpha- and
beta-adrenergic agonists.
The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for four patients. Which
patient should be advised by the nurse that over-the-counter cold and
allergy preparations contain phenylephrine and should be avoided?
A)A 47-year-old woman with hypertensionB)A 52-year-old man with
adult onset diabetes
C)A 17-year-old girl with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection
D)A 62-year-old man with gout ( correct
answers ) A Feedback:
Phenylephrine, a potent vasoconstrictor and alpha1-agonist with little or
no effect on the heart or bronchi, is used in many combination cold and
allergy products. Patients with hypertension should avoid these drugs
because serious increases in blood pressure could occur. Use of this drug
in patients with diabetes and gout are not contraindicated. An upper
respiratory infection may be an indication for the drug.
The nurse is writing a plan of care for a patient receiving an alpha-specific
adrenergic agonist. What should this plan of care include?
E) Monitoring the patient for diarrhea
F) Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate every 2 to 4 hours
G)
Assessing skin turgor for dehydration D)Assessing for fatigue and
lethargy
( correct answers ) B
Sympathetic stimulation will cause hypertension and increased heart rate
so it is important these be monitored. Sympathetic stimulation will also
result in increased sweating, decreased gastrointestinal activity, and a
sense of anxiety and heightened awareness. Diarrhea, dehydration,
GRADED
fatigue,
A+ and lethargy would not be expected.
A nurse receives an order for clonidine (Catapres) for a 25-year-old
pregnant woman. What is the nurse's priority action?
H)Weigh the patient to obtain correct dose/kg/day.
, B)Have a second nurse check the dose before administering the drug.
C)Consult with the physician about the order.
D)Make sure the patient is wearing a fetal monitor. ( correct
answers ) Ans:C Feedback:
The nurse would consult with the physician to ensure awareness of the
pregnancy and desire to administer this drug. There are no adequate
studies about use during pregnancy and lactation, so use should be
reserved for situations in which the benefit to the mother outweighs any
potential risk to the fetus or neonate. The nurse should question the
prescriber regarding this order. It would not be necessary to implement
the other options.
The nursing students are studying sympathomimetic drugs. How do these
drugs act on the body?
E) Stimulate beta receptors and block alpha-
receptors B)Stimulate alpha-receptors and
block beta- receptors
C)Block adrenergic receptorsD)Stimulate both alpha and beta-receptors
( correct answers ) Ans:D
Drugs that are generally sympathomimetic are called alpha-agonists
(stimulate
How alpha- receptors)
does ephedrine andbody?
act on the beta-agonists (stimulate beta- receptors).
These agonists
A)Stimulates thestimulate all of the adrenergic receptors; that is they affect
release of
both alpha and beta-receptors.
norepinephrine
B)Acts indirectly on beta-adrenergic receptor
sites C)Stimulates the release of dopamine ( correct answers )
D)Acts indirectly on alpha-adrenergic receptor Ans:A
sites Feedback:
Ephedrine stimulates the release of norepinephrine from nerve
endings and acts directly on adrenergic receptor sites. Therefore, the
other options are incorrect.
In what age group are adrenergic agonists contraindicated?
A)Older adults B)Adolescents C)Children D)No age group ( correct
answers ) Ans:D Feedback:
The use of adrenergic agonists varies from ophthalmic preparations for
dilating pupils to systemic preparations used to support patients
experiencing shock. They are used in patients of all ages. Therefore, the
other options are incorrect responses.
A patient in shock is receiving an infusion of dopamine when it is
discovered that an extravasation has occurred. What drug should be on
standby for this occurrence?
A)Phenylephrine B)Propranolol C)Phenylalanine D)Phentolamine ( correct
answers ) Ans:D Feedback:
Maintain phentolamine on standby in case extravasation occurs; infiltration
of the site with 10 mL of saline containing 5 to 10 mg of phentolamine is
usually effective in saving
GRADED
A+
