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Physiological Psychology – Key Concepts, Definitions, and Neural Mechanisms (Academic Review)

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This document provides a structured review of core physiological psychology concepts, particularly focusing on the neural basis of behavior. It includes definitions, mechanisms of action potentials, and neurochemical processes such as ion channel function, neurotransmitter release, and refractory periods. Ideal for exam preparation, this summary emphasizes neural signaling and synaptic transmission.

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Physiological Psychology
an increase in membrane potential, away from 0 mV. ✔✔The term "hyperpolarization" refers
to

slower closing of the K+ channels. ✔✔The temporary hyperpolarization that occurs at the end
of the action potential is caused by the

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration ✔✔A particular electrical signal being
transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the
incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will

Na+ (Sodium) ✔✔Upon reaching the threshold for an action potential, the next step in its
generation is the opening of _______ channels.

Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, vesicles fuse with
membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter ✔✔Which of the following presynaptic events are
presented in correct chronological order?

graded potential. ✔✔Postsynaptic potentials are a type of

after a neuron has fired an action potential during which the same neuron cannot fire another
action potential. ✔✔The absolute refractory period refers to the brief period of time

partially established by the uneven distribution of ions across the membrane. ✔✔The resting
membrane potential is

Chloride ✔✔In the extracellular or intracellular fluid, which of the following is an anion
(negatively charged ion)?

binds to it. ✔✔A ligand of the acetylcholine receptor is a substance that
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