TEST BANK FOR NEUROSCIENCE: FUNDAMENTALS
FOR REHABILITATION, 4TH EDITION BY LAURIE
LUNDY-EKMAN 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTANSWERS
Neuroplasticity includes: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1. Habituation
2. Experience-dependent neuroplasticity: learning and memory
3. Cellular recovery after injury
Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅*Non-associative learning
*Decreased response to repeated benign stimulus
*Decrease in synaptic activity between sensory neurons
*with prolonged stimulation-#of synapses decrease
*PT Habituation-intended to decr neural response to a stimulus
Experience dependent Plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-with
repetitions of a task, # of active regions decrease
-eventually, when a tasks is learned, only a small /distint region is active during
task
-Plasticity of the intrinsic excitability of neurons by functional change in ion
channels
-Long term Potentiation-conversion of silent synapses to active
-Long Term Depression-conversion of active synapses to silent
TMS - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅transcranial magnetic stimulation; use of
strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain activity as a way to study
brain regions
,*can enhance or inhibit
Axonal injury in periphery-sprouting - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1.
Collateral Sprouting: 1 axon sprouting to multiple cell bodies
2. Regenerative Sprouting: Multiple axons leading to 1 cell body
**Exercise begun 5 days after a peripheral nerve lesion increases regeneration
**Synkinesis- improperly re-innervated mm = unintended movement
Axonal injury in CNS-sprouting - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-Functional axon
regeneration does not occur in CNS axons
-Glial scars physically block axonal regeneration
-Denervation hypersensitivity-new receptor sites develop in response to
decreased neurotransmitter released
-when neurotransmitters are released from other nearby axons, increased
hypersensitive response occurs
CNS Axonal injury, functional recovery - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1.
Synaptic hyper-effectiveness--only some branches of a presynaptic axons are
destroyed--release of larger than normal amounts of transmitters
2. Unmasking of silent synapses
3. Neurogenesis-stem cells in brain are capable of creating new neurons
4. Excitotoxicity-cell death caused by overexcitation of neurons
Development of nervous system: 0-6+ weeks - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Neural tube
chromosomes
-drugs
-chemicals
,-TORCH infections
Development of nervous system: 1 month-birth - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Neurocutaneous disorders
Gestational Diabetes
Toxemia
Multiple pregnancies
placental dysfunctions
Development of nervous system: Perinatal - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Prematurity
Trauma
Aspiration
Development of nervous system: Postnatal - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Progressive encephalopathies
Infections
Trauma
Complications of spina bifida
Peripheral Sensory Cell bodies - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Dorsal Root
Ganglia
CN Ganglia
Touch (Meissner's) corpuscles - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅light touch
vibration
, Touch Merkel's disks - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Pressure
Touch Pacinian - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Touch
vibration
Touch Ruffini - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Stretch of skin
Touch Free nn endings - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Coarse touch
nociceptors
Muscle spindle - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅sensory organ of mm
Consists of:
1. mm fibers
2. sensory endings
3. motor endings
Responds to stretch, change in length, velocity of change
GTO - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-Encapsulated nn ending woven into
collagen
-Strands of tendon, near musculotendinous junction
-Relays tension in tendons
-Sensitive to very slight changes in tension (active and passive)
Joint Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-responds to mechanical
deformation of capsule and ligaments
-Ruffinis: signal extreme joint range, more to passive
FOR REHABILITATION, 4TH EDITION BY LAURIE
LUNDY-EKMAN 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTANSWERS
Neuroplasticity includes: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1. Habituation
2. Experience-dependent neuroplasticity: learning and memory
3. Cellular recovery after injury
Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅*Non-associative learning
*Decreased response to repeated benign stimulus
*Decrease in synaptic activity between sensory neurons
*with prolonged stimulation-#of synapses decrease
*PT Habituation-intended to decr neural response to a stimulus
Experience dependent Plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-with
repetitions of a task, # of active regions decrease
-eventually, when a tasks is learned, only a small /distint region is active during
task
-Plasticity of the intrinsic excitability of neurons by functional change in ion
channels
-Long term Potentiation-conversion of silent synapses to active
-Long Term Depression-conversion of active synapses to silent
TMS - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅transcranial magnetic stimulation; use of
strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain activity as a way to study
brain regions
,*can enhance or inhibit
Axonal injury in periphery-sprouting - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1.
Collateral Sprouting: 1 axon sprouting to multiple cell bodies
2. Regenerative Sprouting: Multiple axons leading to 1 cell body
**Exercise begun 5 days after a peripheral nerve lesion increases regeneration
**Synkinesis- improperly re-innervated mm = unintended movement
Axonal injury in CNS-sprouting - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-Functional axon
regeneration does not occur in CNS axons
-Glial scars physically block axonal regeneration
-Denervation hypersensitivity-new receptor sites develop in response to
decreased neurotransmitter released
-when neurotransmitters are released from other nearby axons, increased
hypersensitive response occurs
CNS Axonal injury, functional recovery - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1.
Synaptic hyper-effectiveness--only some branches of a presynaptic axons are
destroyed--release of larger than normal amounts of transmitters
2. Unmasking of silent synapses
3. Neurogenesis-stem cells in brain are capable of creating new neurons
4. Excitotoxicity-cell death caused by overexcitation of neurons
Development of nervous system: 0-6+ weeks - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Neural tube
chromosomes
-drugs
-chemicals
,-TORCH infections
Development of nervous system: 1 month-birth - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Neurocutaneous disorders
Gestational Diabetes
Toxemia
Multiple pregnancies
placental dysfunctions
Development of nervous system: Perinatal - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Prematurity
Trauma
Aspiration
Development of nervous system: Postnatal - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Progressive encephalopathies
Infections
Trauma
Complications of spina bifida
Peripheral Sensory Cell bodies - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Dorsal Root
Ganglia
CN Ganglia
Touch (Meissner's) corpuscles - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅light touch
vibration
, Touch Merkel's disks - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Pressure
Touch Pacinian - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Touch
vibration
Touch Ruffini - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Stretch of skin
Touch Free nn endings - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Coarse touch
nociceptors
Muscle spindle - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅sensory organ of mm
Consists of:
1. mm fibers
2. sensory endings
3. motor endings
Responds to stretch, change in length, velocity of change
GTO - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-Encapsulated nn ending woven into
collagen
-Strands of tendon, near musculotendinous junction
-Relays tension in tendons
-Sensitive to very slight changes in tension (active and passive)
Joint Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅-responds to mechanical
deformation of capsule and ligaments
-Ruffinis: signal extreme joint range, more to passive
