USMLE
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1. Culture Negative Endocarditis - ANS ✓Coxiella burnetti
Bartonella spp.
HACEK
T. Whipple
2. False Positive VDRL - ANS ✓Pregnancy
Viruses (EBV)
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Leprosy, SLE
3. Bacterial with low infective dose - ANS ✓Shigella
Campylobacter
EIEC
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia
4. Pseudomonas Properties - ANS ✓Oxidase (+)
Motile
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Non-lactose fermenter
Aerobic
Mucoid polysaccharide capsule
Grape-like odour
Pigments (prover dine, pyocyanin)
*causes Ecthyma gangrenosum*
Biofilm production
Exotoxin A - inactivates EF2
5. Gonorrhoea Treatment - ANS ✓Ceftriaxone
(+ azithromycin or doxycycline for chlamydia)
6. Chlamydia Treatment - ANS ✓Azithromycin or Doxycycline
(+ ceftriazone for gonorrhoea)
7. Actinomyces - ANS ✓Gram (+) anaerobe
- not acid fast
- normal to oral, repro and GI flora
- causes *oral/facial abscesses* that drain sinus tracts
- forms sulphur granules - yellow
Tx: penicillin
8. Avascular Necrosis causes - ANS ✓*CAST Bent LeGS"
*C*orticosteroids
*A*lcoholism
*S*ickle cell
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*T*rauma
the *B*ends (Caisson disease)
*L*egg-Calvés-Perthes (idiopathic)
*G*aucher disease
*S*lipped capital femoral epiphysis
9. Rheumatoid Factor - ANS ✓IgM antibody to Fc portion of IgG
10. Reactive Arthritis - ANS ✓*Can't see, can't pee, can't climba
tree*
- conjunctivitis
- ureteritis
- arthritis
Causes by *ShY ChiCS*
Shigella
Yersina
Chlamydia
Campylobacter
Salmonella
11. Minute Ventilation - ANS ✓= TV x RR
12. Alveolar Ventilation - ANS ✓= (TV - dead space) x RR
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13. Physiological Dead Space - ANS ✓Vd = Tidal Volume (Vt) x
(PaCO - PeCO / PaCO)
14. Rett Syndrome - ANS ✓Female toddler who is normal, then
*regresses* in speech and motor skills
- deceleration of head circumference
- purposeless hand movements
- MECP2 gene mutation
15. Lower Motor Neuron Signs - ANS ✓Fasciculations
Flaccid paralysis
Hypotonia
Hyporeflexia
Atrophy
16. Upper Motor Neuron Signs - ANS ✓(+) Babinski
Spastic paralysis
Hypertonia
Hyperreflexia
Clasp knife spasticity
17. (+) Babinski Sign - ANS ✓sign of UMN lesion
aka extensor sign
18. Lateral Medullary Syndrome - ANS ✓PICA affected
19. Nucleus ambiguous: dysphagia, hoarseness, ⬇️gag reflex
Vestibular nucleus: vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
USMLE