AP Computer Science A Questions and
Verified Answers 2025-2026
Accessoramethoda-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aamethodathataaccessesaanaobjectabutadoesanotachangeait
Actualaparametera-
atheaexpressionasuppliedaforaaaformalaparameteraofaaamethodabyatheacaller
Addressa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aalocationainamemoryaatawhichaaabinaryanumbera(usuallyaaabyte,aoravalueaofa8abits)aisastored
.athealocationainamemoryacanaitselfabeaidentifiedabyaaabinaryanumbera-
athisanumber,atheaabsoluteaoraexplicitaaddress,agivesatheaabsolutealocationaofatheaaddressai
namemory,awhileaaarelativeaaddressaspecifiesaaalocationamemorya(someaotheraaddressaonl
yainarelationatoatheacurrent,aorabase,Aaddress.aallaaccessatoamemoryaisaaccessatoatoaaacellaofa
memoryafoundaataaaspecifiedaaddress.
Algorithma-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-aawell-
orderedacollectionaofaunambiguousaandaeffectivelyacomputableaoperationsathat,awhenaexe
cuted,aproducesaaaresultaandahaltsainaaafiniteaamountaofatime
[[anaunambiguous,Aexecutable,aandaterminatingaspecificationaofaaawayatoasolveaaaproblem
Argumenta-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
anaactualaparameterainaaamethodacall,aoraoneaofatheavaluesacombinedabyaanaoperator]]
Arithmetic/logicaunita(ALU)
ASCIIA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-theaamericanastandardacodeaforainformationaexchangea-
aaacharacter-
encodingaschemeabasedaonatheaenglishaalphabetausedatoarepresentatextainacomputers.aitau
sesa8abitsatoarepresentaeachacharacter,asoaitaisaableatoaencodeaaatotalaofa2^8A=a256adifferent
acharacters.atheseaareaassignedatheaintegeravaluesa0atoa255.aonlya32atoa126ahaveabeenaass
ignedatoaprintableacharacters.atheaasciiahasabeenalargelyasupplantedabyaunicodeaandatheau
csa(universalacharacteraset),awhichaareabackwardsacompatibleawithaita(commonlyaencodeda
usingautf-8,AUTF-16,aandautf-
32arepresentingacharacterasetsausinga8,A16,aanda32abitsarespectively.AUTF-
16acanarepresenta65,536Acharacters.)
Binarya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-theabinary,aoratheabase-
2,apositionalanumberingasystemarepresentsanumericalavaluesausingaonlyatwoasymbols,a0aa
nda1
Bita-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aacontractionaofabinaryadigit;atheasmallestaunitaofainformation,ahavingatwoapossibleavalues:a0
aanda1.aaadataaelementaconsistingaofanabitsahasa2ⁿapossible
Booleana-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aadataatypeawithatwoapossibleavaluearepresentingatrueaandafalse.
Booleanaexpressiona-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
anaexpressionainaaaprogrammingalanguageathataproducesaaabooleanavalueawhenaevaluate
d,Ai.e.,atrueaorafalse
, Booleanaoperatora-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
anaoperatorathatacanabeaappliedatoabooleanavalues.ajavaahasa3aboolean,aoralogical,Aoperato
rs:A&&,A||,aanda!.
Bytea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aanumberamadeaupaofa8abits.aessentially,aallacurrentlyamanufacturedacomputersauseaaabytea
asatheasmallestaunitaofastorageainamemory
Cacheamemorya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-aaspecial,Asuper-high-
speedamemoryaunit.aoperatingaonatheaprincipleaofalocality,awhichasaysathatawhenatheacomp
uterausesasomethingaitawillaprobablyauseaitaagainaveryasoon,awhenatheacomputerareferences
aaapieceaofadataaforatheafirstatime,aitastoresathatadataainacacheamemory,aandawhenaitaneedsato
afetchaaapieceaofainformation,aitafirstalooksainacacheamemoryabeforeaperformingaaamemoryaf
etch.asinceaaccessingacacheamemoryaisasoamuchafastera(typicallya5atoa10atimesafaster)athan
aaccessingaram,aitaisastillafasteratoaaccessacacheamemoryafirstaandathenalookainaramaifatheada
taaisanotafounda(theacacheahitarateatellsausajustahowamuchafaster).
Casta-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
explicitlyaconvertingaaavalueafromaoneatypeatoaaadifferentatype
Classa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aaprogrammeradefinedadataatype,amayabeaaablueprintaoratemplateaforacreatingaanaobject
Computera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
theastudyaofaalgorithms,aincludingatheiraformalaandamathematicalaproperties,atheirahardwar
earealizations,atheiralinguisticarealizations,aandatheiraapplications
Constructora-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aasetaofastatementsaforainitializingaaanewlyainstantiatedavariable
Controlaunita-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
unitawithinatheacomputerathataactuallyacarriesaoutatheaoperationsaofaaaprogram.atheacontrola
unitadoesathreeathings:afetchesafromamemoryatheanextainstructionatoabeaexecuted,adecodesa
it,aandaexecutesaitabyaissuingatheaappropriateacommandatoatheaalu,Amemory,aorai/oacontrolle
rs.aitahaltsawhenathealastainstructionainatheaprogramaisareached.
Encapsulationa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-theahidingaofaimplementationadetails
Explicitaparametera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aaparameteraofaaamethodaotherathanatheaobjectaonawhichatheamethodaisainvoked
Flopsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-floating-pointaoperationsaperasecond
Formalaparametera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aavariableainaaamethodadefinition;aitaisainitializedawithaanaactualaparameteravalueawhenathea
methodaisacalled
Gigabytea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
1abillionabytes.ainabinary,atechnicallya2^30Abytes,aora1a073a741a824abytes
I/0abuffera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
memoryastoredainatheai/oacontrolleraforatransferabetweenaramaandaanai/oadevicea(suchaasach
aractersafromamemoryatoaaascreen,aorafromaaamassastorageadeviceatoamemory).
I/oacontrollera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aadeviceathatahandlesatheadetailsaofainput/outputaandacompensatesaforaanyaspeedadifferenc
esabetweenai/oadevicesaandaotherapartsaofatheacomputer.acontainsaaasmallaamountaofamem
ory,acalledaanai/oabuffer,aandaenoughai/oacontrolaandalogicaprocessingacapabilityatoahandleat
heamechanicalafunctionsaofatheai/oadevice,asuchaasathearead-
writeahead,apaperafeedamechanism,aandascreenadisplay.aitaisaalsoaableatoatransmitatoatheapr
Verified Answers 2025-2026
Accessoramethoda-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aamethodathataaccessesaanaobjectabutadoesanotachangeait
Actualaparametera-
atheaexpressionasuppliedaforaaaformalaparameteraofaaamethodabyatheacaller
Addressa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aalocationainamemoryaatawhichaaabinaryanumbera(usuallyaaabyte,aoravalueaofa8abits)aisastored
.athealocationainamemoryacanaitselfabeaidentifiedabyaaabinaryanumbera-
athisanumber,atheaabsoluteaoraexplicitaaddress,agivesatheaabsolutealocationaofatheaaddressai
namemory,awhileaaarelativeaaddressaspecifiesaaalocationamemorya(someaotheraaddressaonl
yainarelationatoatheacurrent,aorabase,Aaddress.aallaaccessatoamemoryaisaaccessatoatoaaacellaofa
memoryafoundaataaaspecifiedaaddress.
Algorithma-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-aawell-
orderedacollectionaofaunambiguousaandaeffectivelyacomputableaoperationsathat,awhenaexe
cuted,aproducesaaaresultaandahaltsainaaafiniteaamountaofatime
[[anaunambiguous,Aexecutable,aandaterminatingaspecificationaofaaawayatoasolveaaaproblem
Argumenta-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
anaactualaparameterainaaamethodacall,aoraoneaofatheavaluesacombinedabyaanaoperator]]
Arithmetic/logicaunita(ALU)
ASCIIA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-theaamericanastandardacodeaforainformationaexchangea-
aaacharacter-
encodingaschemeabasedaonatheaenglishaalphabetausedatoarepresentatextainacomputers.aitau
sesa8abitsatoarepresentaeachacharacter,asoaitaisaableatoaencodeaaatotalaofa2^8A=a256adifferent
acharacters.atheseaareaassignedatheaintegeravaluesa0atoa255.aonlya32atoa126ahaveabeenaass
ignedatoaprintableacharacters.atheaasciiahasabeenalargelyasupplantedabyaunicodeaandatheau
csa(universalacharacteraset),awhichaareabackwardsacompatibleawithaita(commonlyaencodeda
usingautf-8,AUTF-16,aandautf-
32arepresentingacharacterasetsausinga8,A16,aanda32abitsarespectively.AUTF-
16acanarepresenta65,536Acharacters.)
Binarya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-theabinary,aoratheabase-
2,apositionalanumberingasystemarepresentsanumericalavaluesausingaonlyatwoasymbols,a0aa
nda1
Bita-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aacontractionaofabinaryadigit;atheasmallestaunitaofainformation,ahavingatwoapossibleavalues:a0
aanda1.aaadataaelementaconsistingaofanabitsahasa2ⁿapossible
Booleana-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aadataatypeawithatwoapossibleavaluearepresentingatrueaandafalse.
Booleanaexpressiona-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
anaexpressionainaaaprogrammingalanguageathataproducesaaabooleanavalueawhenaevaluate
d,Ai.e.,atrueaorafalse
, Booleanaoperatora-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
anaoperatorathatacanabeaappliedatoabooleanavalues.ajavaahasa3aboolean,aoralogical,Aoperato
rs:A&&,A||,aanda!.
Bytea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aanumberamadeaupaofa8abits.aessentially,aallacurrentlyamanufacturedacomputersauseaaabytea
asatheasmallestaunitaofastorageainamemory
Cacheamemorya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-aaspecial,Asuper-high-
speedamemoryaunit.aoperatingaonatheaprincipleaofalocality,awhichasaysathatawhenatheacomp
uterausesasomethingaitawillaprobablyauseaitaagainaveryasoon,awhenatheacomputerareferences
aaapieceaofadataaforatheafirstatime,aitastoresathatadataainacacheamemory,aandawhenaitaneedsato
afetchaaapieceaofainformation,aitafirstalooksainacacheamemoryabeforeaperformingaaamemoryaf
etch.asinceaaccessingacacheamemoryaisasoamuchafastera(typicallya5atoa10atimesafaster)athan
aaccessingaram,aitaisastillafasteratoaaccessacacheamemoryafirstaandathenalookainaramaifatheada
taaisanotafounda(theacacheahitarateatellsausajustahowamuchafaster).
Casta-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
explicitlyaconvertingaaavalueafromaoneatypeatoaaadifferentatype
Classa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aaprogrammeradefinedadataatype,amayabeaaablueprintaoratemplateaforacreatingaanaobject
Computera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
theastudyaofaalgorithms,aincludingatheiraformalaandamathematicalaproperties,atheirahardwar
earealizations,atheiralinguisticarealizations,aandatheiraapplications
Constructora-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aasetaofastatementsaforainitializingaaanewlyainstantiatedavariable
Controlaunita-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
unitawithinatheacomputerathataactuallyacarriesaoutatheaoperationsaofaaaprogram.atheacontrola
unitadoesathreeathings:afetchesafromamemoryatheanextainstructionatoabeaexecuted,adecodesa
it,aandaexecutesaitabyaissuingatheaappropriateacommandatoatheaalu,Amemory,aorai/oacontrolle
rs.aitahaltsawhenathealastainstructionainatheaprogramaisareached.
Encapsulationa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-theahidingaofaimplementationadetails
Explicitaparametera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aaparameteraofaaamethodaotherathanatheaobjectaonawhichatheamethodaisainvoked
Flopsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-floating-pointaoperationsaperasecond
Formalaparametera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aavariableainaaamethodadefinition;aitaisainitializedawithaanaactualaparameteravalueawhenathea
methodaisacalled
Gigabytea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
1abillionabytes.ainabinary,atechnicallya2^30Abytes,aora1a073a741a824abytes
I/0abuffera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
memoryastoredainatheai/oacontrolleraforatransferabetweenaramaandaanai/oadevicea(suchaasach
aractersafromamemoryatoaaascreen,aorafromaaamassastorageadeviceatoamemory).
I/oacontrollera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aadeviceathatahandlesatheadetailsaofainput/outputaandacompensatesaforaanyaspeedadifferenc
esabetweenai/oadevicesaandaotherapartsaofatheacomputer.acontainsaaasmallaamountaofamem
ory,acalledaanai/oabuffer,aandaenoughai/oacontrolaandalogicaprocessingacapabilityatoahandleat
heamechanicalafunctionsaofatheai/oadevice,asuchaasathearead-
writeahead,apaperafeedamechanism,aandascreenadisplay.aitaisaalsoaableatoatransmitatoatheapr
