Wilderness First Responder (WFR)
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Describe Oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWER - Continuos flow of fresh air to the lungs
Which body system performs oxygenation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Respiratory System
Describe Perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER - Continuous flow of blood to the body
tissues
Which body system performs perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER - Circulatory System
General problem associated with Circulatory System? - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock:
inadequate perfusion pressure
General problem associated with respiratory system? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Respiratory failure
General problem associated with circulatory system? - CORRECT ANSWER - Brain
failure
When assessing a patient, why are patterns and trends more important than individual signs and
symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER - A pattern of substantial, progressive or persistent
changes in vital signs indicates an evolving problem. A problem with one critical system quickly
affects the functions of the other two.
Give an example of a pattern and trend of a specific problem? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Shock from blood loss stimulates an increase in the respiratory rate and causes changes in brain
function.
,What is the assessment tool (acronym) used to assess brain function? - CORRECT
ANSWER - A - awake. Oriented to person, place, time, event
V - verbally communicating
P - responsive to pain
U - Unreaponsive
What are the 2 most general sources of swelling? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bleeding from
ruptured arteries (fastest), and edema from damaged or inflamed capilliaries
As a general principal, when does swelling create a greater risk? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Swelling inside a restricted space:
* skull
* muscle compartment
* upper airway
* lower respiratory system
What is the difference between ischemia, necrosis and infarction? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Ischemia: localized problem of inadequate tissue perfusion
Necrosis: tissue death am degradation
Infarction: dead tissue as a result of decreased perfusion
What is typically the first indicator of ischemic tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER - Swelling
Give 2 examples of traumatic injuries or medical problems related to ischemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1) dislocated shoulder - can cause ischemia of tendons and muscle if not
reduced
2) heart attack - ischemia of the heart muscle
, Why is it important to distinguish between a serious and not serious problem? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Because this directly impacts decisions to evacuate or not - we want to avoid
risk of making things worse through our decisions
What type of risk/benefit decision should be avoided? - CORRECT ANSWER - High risk
- low benefit
Describe general problems (escalating order) of the circulatory system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Dehydration > volume shock > decompensated shock
Describe general problems (escalating order) of the nervous system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Low risk TBI > high risk TBI > increased ICP
Describe general problems (escalating order) of the musculoskeletal system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Fractures, dislocations, spinal injury
Define the term "wilderness" as it relates to the use of the "Wilderness Protocols" - CORRECT
ANSWER - working in remote, high risk, low resource environments
Describe the 6 Wilderness Protocols - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Anaphylaxis
2) Wound cleaning + debridement
3) CPR
4) Spine Injuries
5) Joint Dislocations
6) Severe Asthma
What are the 3 main phases of the PAS (Patient Assessment System)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1) Scene Size Up
2) Primary Assessment
3) Secondary Assessment
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Describe Oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWER - Continuos flow of fresh air to the lungs
Which body system performs oxygenation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Respiratory System
Describe Perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER - Continuous flow of blood to the body
tissues
Which body system performs perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER - Circulatory System
General problem associated with Circulatory System? - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock:
inadequate perfusion pressure
General problem associated with respiratory system? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Respiratory failure
General problem associated with circulatory system? - CORRECT ANSWER - Brain
failure
When assessing a patient, why are patterns and trends more important than individual signs and
symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER - A pattern of substantial, progressive or persistent
changes in vital signs indicates an evolving problem. A problem with one critical system quickly
affects the functions of the other two.
Give an example of a pattern and trend of a specific problem? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Shock from blood loss stimulates an increase in the respiratory rate and causes changes in brain
function.
,What is the assessment tool (acronym) used to assess brain function? - CORRECT
ANSWER - A - awake. Oriented to person, place, time, event
V - verbally communicating
P - responsive to pain
U - Unreaponsive
What are the 2 most general sources of swelling? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bleeding from
ruptured arteries (fastest), and edema from damaged or inflamed capilliaries
As a general principal, when does swelling create a greater risk? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Swelling inside a restricted space:
* skull
* muscle compartment
* upper airway
* lower respiratory system
What is the difference between ischemia, necrosis and infarction? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Ischemia: localized problem of inadequate tissue perfusion
Necrosis: tissue death am degradation
Infarction: dead tissue as a result of decreased perfusion
What is typically the first indicator of ischemic tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER - Swelling
Give 2 examples of traumatic injuries or medical problems related to ischemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1) dislocated shoulder - can cause ischemia of tendons and muscle if not
reduced
2) heart attack - ischemia of the heart muscle
, Why is it important to distinguish between a serious and not serious problem? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Because this directly impacts decisions to evacuate or not - we want to avoid
risk of making things worse through our decisions
What type of risk/benefit decision should be avoided? - CORRECT ANSWER - High risk
- low benefit
Describe general problems (escalating order) of the circulatory system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Dehydration > volume shock > decompensated shock
Describe general problems (escalating order) of the nervous system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Low risk TBI > high risk TBI > increased ICP
Describe general problems (escalating order) of the musculoskeletal system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Fractures, dislocations, spinal injury
Define the term "wilderness" as it relates to the use of the "Wilderness Protocols" - CORRECT
ANSWER - working in remote, high risk, low resource environments
Describe the 6 Wilderness Protocols - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Anaphylaxis
2) Wound cleaning + debridement
3) CPR
4) Spine Injuries
5) Joint Dislocations
6) Severe Asthma
What are the 3 main phases of the PAS (Patient Assessment System)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1) Scene Size Up
2) Primary Assessment
3) Secondary Assessment
