HPS203 (2025) Actual Exam Questions
and Answers A+ Graded
We .perceive .and .recognise .objects .through: .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Form
.perception .(basic .shapes .and .sizes) .and .object .recognition .(identifying .objects)
Bottom-up .processes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Processes .that .are .directly .shaped
.by .the .stimulus .(data-driven)
Top-down .processes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Processes .that .are .shaped .by
.knowledge .(concept-driven)
Visual .features .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Features .of .objects .that .help .you
.recognise .the .entire .objects .by .only .seeing .specific .parts .of .that .object. .Eg.
.the .arcs .of .a .lollipop
Parallel .processing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .ability .of .the .brain .to
.simultaneously .process .and .interpret .incoming .stimuli .of .differing .quality
Familiarity .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Frequent .words .are .better .recognised
Recency .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Words .just .seen .are .better .recognised
Repetition .priming .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .a .word .is .seen .then .viewed
.again .a .little .later, .the .first .exposure .primes .the .participant .for .the .second
.exposure
Feature .nets .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .network .of .detectors, .organised .in .layers,
.with .each .subsequent .layer .having .more .complex, .larger .scale .objects .- .allows
.for .more .efficient .memory .storage .however .at .the .cost .of .occasional .error
Feature .detectors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .we .recognise .shapes .of .letters
Bigram .detectors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .we .recognise .familiar .letter
.combinations .(CL, .CK) .in .comparison .to .unfamiliar .ones .(CQ, .CX) .- .requires
.less .activation .levels
Activation .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-how .mental .arousal .is .necessary .for
.effective .functioning .in .that .we .need .a .certain .level .of .activation .in .order .to .be
.sufficiently .motivated .to .achieve .goals, .do .good .work .and .so .on.
, Response .threshold .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .an .activation .level .reaches .the
.detector's .response .threshold, .the .detector .will .fire .- .it .sends .its .signal .to .the
.other .detectors .to .which .it's .connected .to
McCelland .and .Rumelhart .Model .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Rather .than .believing
.that .the .activation .of .detectors .serve .to .activate .other .detectors, .it .is .believed
.that .detectors .inhibit .one .another, .so .that .activation .of .one .detector .can
.decrease .the .activation .in .other .detectors
Excitatory .connections .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Connections .that .allow .one
.detector .to .activate .its .neighbours
Inhibitory .connections .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .detectors .deactivate .its
.neighbours
Biederman's .recognition-by-components .theory .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
According .to .this .theory .we .are .able .to .recognise .objects .by .separating .them
.into .geons .(the .object's .main .component .parts)
Geons .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Simple .components .and .shapes .- .cylinders,
.cones, .blocks .- .are .recognised .across .different .orientations .and .viewpoints
Facial .recognition .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Processes .used .for .word .recognition
.are .NOT .used .for .recognition .of .faces. .Facial .recognition .is .distinctive .in .its
.strong .dependence .on .orientation .or .viewpoint
Prosopagnosia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Inability .to .recognise .features .of .faces,
.but .has .no .impact .on .object .and .word .recognition
Face .aversion .effect .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-It .is .more .difficult .to .recognise .an
.upside-down .face .to .any .other .upside .down .objects
Helmholtz's .unconscious .inference .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .term .to .describe .an
.involuntary .reflex-like .mechanism .which .is .part .of .the .formation .of .visual
.impressions
Dichotic .listening .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .psychological .test .commonly .used .to
.investigate .selective .attention. .Participants .wear .headphones .and .are .given
.one .input .in .the .right .ear .and .another .in .the .left
Attended .channel .(Dichotic .listening) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .input .that
.participants .are .instructed .to .pay .attention .to
Shadowing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .task .given .to .participants .to .make .sure
.they .are .paying .attention .- .required .to .repeat .input .back .word .for .word .-
.performance .usually .being .close .to .100%. .However, .close .to .nothing .is .heard
.from .the .unattended .channel
and Answers A+ Graded
We .perceive .and .recognise .objects .through: .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Form
.perception .(basic .shapes .and .sizes) .and .object .recognition .(identifying .objects)
Bottom-up .processes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Processes .that .are .directly .shaped
.by .the .stimulus .(data-driven)
Top-down .processes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Processes .that .are .shaped .by
.knowledge .(concept-driven)
Visual .features .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Features .of .objects .that .help .you
.recognise .the .entire .objects .by .only .seeing .specific .parts .of .that .object. .Eg.
.the .arcs .of .a .lollipop
Parallel .processing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .ability .of .the .brain .to
.simultaneously .process .and .interpret .incoming .stimuli .of .differing .quality
Familiarity .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Frequent .words .are .better .recognised
Recency .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Words .just .seen .are .better .recognised
Repetition .priming .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .a .word .is .seen .then .viewed
.again .a .little .later, .the .first .exposure .primes .the .participant .for .the .second
.exposure
Feature .nets .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .network .of .detectors, .organised .in .layers,
.with .each .subsequent .layer .having .more .complex, .larger .scale .objects .- .allows
.for .more .efficient .memory .storage .however .at .the .cost .of .occasional .error
Feature .detectors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .we .recognise .shapes .of .letters
Bigram .detectors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .we .recognise .familiar .letter
.combinations .(CL, .CK) .in .comparison .to .unfamiliar .ones .(CQ, .CX) .- .requires
.less .activation .levels
Activation .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-how .mental .arousal .is .necessary .for
.effective .functioning .in .that .we .need .a .certain .level .of .activation .in .order .to .be
.sufficiently .motivated .to .achieve .goals, .do .good .work .and .so .on.
, Response .threshold .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .an .activation .level .reaches .the
.detector's .response .threshold, .the .detector .will .fire .- .it .sends .its .signal .to .the
.other .detectors .to .which .it's .connected .to
McCelland .and .Rumelhart .Model .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Rather .than .believing
.that .the .activation .of .detectors .serve .to .activate .other .detectors, .it .is .believed
.that .detectors .inhibit .one .another, .so .that .activation .of .one .detector .can
.decrease .the .activation .in .other .detectors
Excitatory .connections .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Connections .that .allow .one
.detector .to .activate .its .neighbours
Inhibitory .connections .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .detectors .deactivate .its
.neighbours
Biederman's .recognition-by-components .theory .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
According .to .this .theory .we .are .able .to .recognise .objects .by .separating .them
.into .geons .(the .object's .main .component .parts)
Geons .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Simple .components .and .shapes .- .cylinders,
.cones, .blocks .- .are .recognised .across .different .orientations .and .viewpoints
Facial .recognition .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Processes .used .for .word .recognition
.are .NOT .used .for .recognition .of .faces. .Facial .recognition .is .distinctive .in .its
.strong .dependence .on .orientation .or .viewpoint
Prosopagnosia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Inability .to .recognise .features .of .faces,
.but .has .no .impact .on .object .and .word .recognition
Face .aversion .effect .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-It .is .more .difficult .to .recognise .an
.upside-down .face .to .any .other .upside .down .objects
Helmholtz's .unconscious .inference .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .term .to .describe .an
.involuntary .reflex-like .mechanism .which .is .part .of .the .formation .of .visual
.impressions
Dichotic .listening .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .psychological .test .commonly .used .to
.investigate .selective .attention. .Participants .wear .headphones .and .are .given
.one .input .in .the .right .ear .and .another .in .the .left
Attended .channel .(Dichotic .listening) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .input .that
.participants .are .instructed .to .pay .attention .to
Shadowing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .task .given .to .participants .to .make .sure
.they .are .paying .attention .- .required .to .repeat .input .back .word .for .word .-
.performance .usually .being .close .to .100%. .However, .close .to .nothing .is .heard
.from .the .unattended .channel
